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Covers Carthage’s maritime and commercial power, its rivalry with Rome, and where Carthaginian influence was concentrated (navy, mercenaries, and oligarchic government). Summarizes outcomes of the First, Second, and Third Punic Wars, including key battles and Roman expansion consequences. Concludes with effects on Roman control, provincial rule, wealth, and declining old values.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-punic-wars-264-146-bce-student-notes/613257/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-punic-wars-264-146-bce-student-notes/613257.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What made Carthage powerful during the Punic Wars?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Carthage was a major Mediterranean city with strong commercial networks and a large navy. It controlled trade in the western Mediterranean and rivaled Rome.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did Rome defeat Carthage in the First Punic War?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Rome used naval expansion, building four fleets and mastering naval warfare. Sicily became a province of Rome after Rome’s victory.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why did Rome’s expansion create problems, according to the notes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The empire was difficult to manage and required complex, multicultural governance. Wealth produced new social classes and slave displacement of free workers, contributing to the end of the Republic and rise of the next phase.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},613257,1792449796,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \nThe Punic Wars (264-146 B.C. E. )  \n© Student Handouts, Inc. [www.studenthandouts.com](www.studenthandouts.com)  \nWhat was Carthage?  \n• Powerful city located near present-day Tunis, Tunisia, along the Mediterranean coast of Africa  \n– Phoenician colony founded in the 8th century BCE  \n– Punic is Latin for Phoenician  \n• Carthage had a large commercial empire  \n– Great harbor at Carthage  \n– Phoenician tradition of sailing and trading  \n– Controlled trade in the western Mediterranean  \n– Carthaginian trading empire spread to islands of  \nCorsica, Sardinia, and western Sicily, along with southern Iberian peninsula (modern-day Spain)  \n• Major rival of Rome  \nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nWhere did Carthaginian power lie?  \n• Navy  \n– Very large  \n– Phoenician sailing tradition  \n• Army  \n– Mercenaries (hired soldiers)  \n• Government  \n– Oligarchy – ruled by the wealthy elites (those made rich through trade)  \nHow many Punic wars were there?  \nFirst Punic War (264-241 BCE)  \n• Carthage and Rome fought for 23 years over control of Sicily  \n• Strengths  \n– Roman strength – army  \n– Carthaginian strength – navy  \n• Rome’s solution – build up its navy  \n– Built four fleets, each destroyed in turn, before mastering naval warfare  \n• Rome’s new weapon – grappling hook  \n– Lashed ships together  \n– Forced ship crews to fight one another on deck  \n• Hand-to-hand fighting was a Roman strength  \n• Rome won – Sicily became a province of Rome  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \nIn the meantime…  \n\n| Rome |\n| --- |\n| • Rome came to control Corsica and Sardinia\u003Cbr>• Rome conquered the Gauls of the Po River Valley |\n\n\n| Carthage |\n| --- |\n| • Carthage recovered from its defeat by Rome\u003Cbr>• Carthage started expanding in Iberia (Spain) |\n\nSecond Punic War (218-201 BCE)  \n\n| Carthage: General Hannibal |\n| --- |\n| • Led 60,000 men and dozens of elephants through Spain, along the Mediterranean coast, through Gaul, and across the Alps to Italy\u003Cbr>• Fought in Italy for 15 years, winning many battles\u003Cbr>• Battle of Cannae (216 BCE)\u003Cbr>• Romans lost over 50,000 soldiers\u003Cbr>• But Hannibal could not capture the city of Rome |\n\n\n| Rome: General Scipio |\n| --- |\n| • Led an army against Carthaginian Iberia (Spain)\u003Cbr>• Then led an army against Carthage itself\u003Cbr>• Then returned to Italy to defend the city of Rome\u003Cbr>• Battle of Zama (202 BCE)\u003Cbr>• Hannibal’s first and only defeat\u003Cbr>• Hannibal escaped and\u003Cbr>returned to Carthage\u003Cbr>• Carthage lost its fleet, Iberia (Spain), and the larger part of its territory in northern Africa |\n\nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \n•207 BCE – Battle of the Metaurus  \n•Pivotal battle of the Second Punic War  \n•Hannibal’s brother, Hasdrubal, was bringing supplies and equipment to his brother for the siege against Rome  \n•Consul Marcus Livius was reinforced when Consul Gaius Claudius Nero brought troops via a forced march  \n•Carthaginians were outnumbered and Hasdrubal was defeated  \n•Consul Gaius Claudius Nero severed the head of Hasdrubal and had it thrown into Hannibal’scamp as a threat  \nIn the meantime…  \n\n| Carthage |\n| --- |\n| • Carthage rebuilt its trading networks and commercial power |\n\n\n| Rome |\n| --- |\n| • Rome felt threatened by competition from Carthage\u003Cbr>• Senator Cato ended all of his speeches with the warning:“Carthago delenda est!”(“Carthage must be destroyed!”) |\n\nSlide 13  \nSlide 14  \nSlide 15  \nThird Punic War (149-146 BCE)  \nResults of the Punic Wars: During and After  \n\n| Rome and Carthage had been what you might call the “superpowers” of the Mediterranean atthe time\u003Cbr>• Rome’s defeat of Carthage left Rome as the only remaining“superpower”\u003Cbr>• It was much easier for Rome to conquer the rest of the Mediterranean once Carthage was out of the way | Roman control of Macedonia\u003Cbr>• Hannibal had made an alliance with the Macedonian king\u003Cbr>• Rome attacked and defeated Macedonia in 197 BCE | Rome went on to conquer the remnants of Alexander the Great’s empire in Eurasia\u003Cbr>• Fighting","cbCaiuGWpmRiUyhe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuGWpmRiUyhe","pdf",451006,"English","# The Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.E.)\n## What was Carthage?\n## Where did Carthaginian power lie?\n## How many Punic wars were there?\n### First Punic War (264-241 B.C.E.)\n### Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.E.)\n### Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.E.)\n## Results of the Punic Wars: During and After\n## Provincial Governments\n## Rome Grows Wealthy\n## Old Roman Values Diminish\n## What did expansion mean for Rome?","[{\"question\":\"What made Carthage powerful during the Punic Wars?\",\"answer\":\"Carthage was a major Mediterranean city with strong commercial networks and a large navy. It controlled trade in the western Mediterranean and rivaled Rome.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Rome defeat Carthage in the First Punic War?\",\"answer\":\"Rome used naval expansion, building four fleets and mastering naval warfare. Sicily became a province of Rome after Rome’s victory.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Rome’s expansion create problems, according to the notes?\",\"answer\":\"The empire was difficult to manage and required complex, multicultural governance. Wealth produced new social classes and slave displacement of free workers, contributing to the end of the Republic and rise of the next phase.\"}]","The Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.E.) - Student Notes | PDF",1792385049,18]