[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-323341-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-323341-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-providing-of-labour-for-the-population-of-upper-hungary-under-hungarian-and-czech-rule-an-economic-treatise-read-on-the-23rd-of-september-1927","THE PROVIDING OF LABOUR FOR THE POPULATION OF UPPER - HUNGARY UNDER HUNGARIAN AND CZECH RULE - An Economic Treatise - read on the 23rd of September 1927","","Economic analysis of Hungary’s industrial policy from 1867 to 1914, explaining how the state sought to secure labour opportunities for a growing population after 1867. Argues that developing industry required railways first, then legal subsidy measures starting in 1881 and later laws expanding support for new and enlarged factories. Quantifies state spending in gold crowns, detailing cash subsidies, interest-free loans, machine provision, and tax exemptions, with emphasis on major recipients such as textile and iron industries.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-providing-of-labour-for-the-population-of-upper-hungary-under-hungarian-and-czech-rule-an-economic-treatise-read-on-the-23rd-of-september-1927/323341/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-providing-of-labour-for-the-population-of-upper-hungary-under-hungarian-and-czech-rule-an-economic-treatise-read-on-the-23rd-of-september-1927/323341.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Violet","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why did Hungary seek labour opportunities after 1867, and how did the policy aim to achieve them?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"After 1867, Hungary aimed to secure labour opportunities for its growing population. The document states that this was best reached through developing industry.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What role did railways play in Hungary’s industrial development?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The text explains that industrial promotion had to be preceded by railway construction. Once the railway network reached a sufficient stage by 1881, state subventioning of industry could commence.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How were state subsidies structured for factories under construction or enlargement?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The document describes subsidies including money grants, machine supply, interest-free loans, and additional benefits such as tax exemptions and freight facilities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},323341,1790216006,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISIONBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nReproductions may not be made without permission fom Columbia University Libraries.              \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nFILM SZE:            mmREDUCTION RATIO:          10:1  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA  \nIB IIB  \nDATE FILMED:                    5-2-97INITIALS:          6  \nTBACKING\\#:                                                                                                23602  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n\n| THE PROVIDING OF LABOUR FOR  \u003Cbr>THE POPULATION OF UPPER-  \u003Cbr>HUNGARY UNDER HUNGARIAN  \u003Cbr>AND CZECH RULE  \u003Cbr>BY  \u003Cbr>ALBERT HALASZ  \u003Cbr>RETIRED ROYAL INSPECTOR OF INDUSTB  \u003Cbr>A treatise read on the 23rd of Sep-  \u003Cbr>tember 1927,at the occasion of the  \u003Cbr>meeting of the Economic and Factory  \u003Cbr>Divisions of the Hungarian Engineer  \u003Cbr>and Architect Club.  \u003Cbr>PUBLISHED BY FERDINAND PFEIFER(ZEIDLER BROTHERS)   |\n| --- |\n\n308  \n2  \nBx216  \n\n| BUDAPEST.IV.KOSSUTH LAJOS-UTCA 5.   |\n| --- |\n\n\n| THE PROVIDING OF LABOUR FOR  \u003Cbr>THE POPULATION OF UPPER-  \u003Cbr>HUNGARY UNDER HUNGARIAN  \u003Cbr>AND CZECH RULE  \u003Cbr>BY  \u003Cbr>ALBERT HALASZ  \u003Cbr>RETIRED ROYAL INSPECTOR OF INDUSTRY  \u003Cbr>A treatise read on the 23nd of Sep-  \u003Cbr>tember 1927,at the occasion of the  \u003Cbr>meeting of the Economic and Factory  \u003Cbr>Divisions of the Hungarian Engineer  \u003Cbr>and Architect Club.  \u003Cbr>PUBLISHED BY FERDINAND PFEIFER(ZEIDLER BROTHERS)  \u003Cbr>BUDAPEST,IV.,KOSSUTH LAJOS-UTCA 5.   |\n| --- |\n\nPawl  \n科下。  \n1-2  \n## I.\n\nECONOMIC POLICY OF HUNGARY IN THECOURSE OF THE LAST FIFTY YEARS.(1867—1914.)  \nAfter the reconciliation between King and Nationand the restitution of the Constitution in 1867,whichstatuated for Hungary and Austria a common customs-territory,Hungary was convinced that she mustprocure labour opportunities for her increasing po-pulation.According to the general trend of opinion,this aim was best to be reached,by the developmentof industry.But it soon became evident that themanufacturing industry of Hungary,an agrariancountry,can only then develop and compete withthe old and strong Czech and Austrian industry,ifthe State would in some way grant bounties to thenewly founded manufactories.The promotion of in-dustry had,however to be preceded by the con-struction of railways,which was actually startedwith feverish haste.In 1881 the construction of thenetwork of railways had already reached such astage that the subventioning of industry by the Statecould commence.Hungary passed her first indusrial-development Law in 1881,which provided,in variousways,for the subsidizing of factories under con-struclion.  \nThe Law No.XLIV of 1881 was followed bythat of No.XII of 1890,and those of No.XLIXof 1899,and No.II of 1907,which provided forconstantly increasing subsidies.The factories underconstruction,or enlargement were subventioned by  \nthe Hungarian State which granted them money,machines,interest-free,loans,and other benefices (asexemption from taxes,freight-facilities,etc.).  \nFrom 1881 to 1914,Hungary paid 48,227.369gold crowns subsidies to her industrial undertakings,from which sum 23,900.853 g.cr.fell to the textile-industry,that is nearly 50%。of the total amount.  \n5,676.525 g.cr.were paid out as free-loans.Ma-chines in the value of 4,985.810g.cr.were supplied,and factories were exempted from taxes for 5—10-15-20 years,making a total of 1333 factories and9579 years.  \nTable No.1.Distribulion of the State subsidies granted from1881 to 1914 to the different branches of industry.  \n\n|  | Number  \u003Cbr>of sub-  \u003Cbr>sidized  \u003Cbr>lacloiea   | Subsidy  \u003Cbr>in cash   | Loans  \u003Cbr>free of  \u003Cbr>interesl8   | Machines  \u003Cbr>supplied   | Number  \u003Cbr>of tax-  \u003Cbr>free  \u003Cbr>years   |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | In g old erown s   |  |  |  |\n| Iron &metal in-  \u003Cbr>dustry.  · ","cbCaivgd4PqXzDBW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivgd4PqXzDBW","pdf",852898,15,"English","# Economic Policy of Hungary in the course of the last fifty years (1867—1914)\n## Labour opportunities and industrial development\n## Railway construction and enabling state policy\n## State subsidy laws (1881–1907)\n## Distribution of subsidies across industry branches (Table No.1)\n## Upper-Hungary’s share in state subsidies (Table No.2)","[{\"question\":\"Why did Hungary seek labour opportunities after 1867, and how did the policy aim to achieve them?\",\"answer\":\"After 1867, Hungary aimed to secure labour opportunities for its growing population. The document states that this was best reached through developing industry.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did railways play in Hungary’s industrial development?\",\"answer\":\"The text explains that industrial promotion had to be preceded by railway construction. Once the railway network reached a sufficient stage by 1881, state subventioning of industry could commence.\"},{\"question\":\"How were state subsidies structured for factories under construction or enlargement?\",\"answer\":\"The document describes subsidies including money grants, machine supply, interest-free loans, and additional benefits such as tax exemptions and freight facilities.\"}]","THE PROVIDING OF LABOUR FOR THE POPULATION OF UPPER - HUNGARY UNDER HUNGARIAN AND CZECH RULE - An Economic Treatise - read on the 23rd of September 1927 | PDF",1789964968,38]