[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590599-105":59,"doc-detail-590599-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-profession-speaks-educator-perspectives-on-school-reform","The Profession Speaks - Educator Perspectives on School Reform","","Explores the U.S. education reform movement through educators’ viewpoints on accountability-based policies and standardized testing. Argues that systems such as No Child Left Behind expanded required exams, reshaped teaching toward test preparation, and distorted evaluation and school decisions. Describes consequences including low teacher morale, teacher shortages, higher turnover for high-need schools, and closures disproportionately affecting low-income students and students of color, while charter expansion is evaluated mainly through test scores.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-profession-speaks-educator-perspectives-on-school-reform/590599/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-profession-speaks-educator-perspectives-on-school-reform/590599.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What core story does the education reform movement promote about public education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that public education is slipping from top global rankings and needs accountability-based reforms—especially standardized exams—to diagnose gaps and drive improvements.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did No Child Left Behind affect testing requirements?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It substantially increased the number of required state tests and, according to the cited reporting, students spent many days of the school year taking district- and state-mandated exams.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What impact does high-stakes testing have on schools and teachers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Educators describe shifts in morale and teaching practices toward test preparation, along with flawed systems for evaluating teachers and making decisions about school improvement or closure.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590599,1792638664,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","The Profession Speaks  \nEducator Perspectives on School Reform  \nILLUSTRAT IONS BY SCOTT LAUMANN  \nBy Brett Gardiner Murphy  \nF  \nor more than 20 years, members of what has come to be known as the education reform movement have told a largely singular story about public education in the United States. It’s a story that has crossed party lines  \nunlike any other in recent memory. This movement has pushed relentlessly for accountability-based reforms to improve a failing system and solve our country’s problem of inequality.  \nTheir story goes something like this: The education system in the United States once ranked at the top in the world, but today we find our position slipping. For this to change, we need a system of standardized exams that can provide clear data about where students are succeeding and failing and that tell us what we can  \nBrett Gardiner Murphy teaches ninth-grade humanities at Vanguard High School in New York City. A member of the United Federation of Teachers, she is the editor of Inside Our Schools: Teachers on the Failure and Future of Education Reform.  \ndo to make up the difference. If we find that teachers are not helping students fulfill their potential, we must hold them accountable and, if necessary, replace them with quality teachers who can get the job done. Ifa school is failing to meet students’ needs, we must immediately improve or close it and provide better choices for families, so that children are not relegated to a poor education based on their zip code.  \nWhen No Child Left Behind became law in 2002, it almost tripled the number of required state tests overnight.1 In a 2015 survey, teachers reported that their students spent an average of 19 days out of the school year taking district-and state-mandated tests.2 Schools in areas targeted by education reformers were often subjected to even more required testing by their local districts. One study found that by high school, city kids spent 266 percent more time on local testing than their suburban peers.3 And that didn’t even count the amount of time that teachers spent within classes preparing students for the tests and having them take practice exams, or the ways in which pedagogy itself changed to align more closely to the tests.4  \n30 AMERICAN EDUCATOR | WINTER 2017–2018  \nAlmost everything in public education—from evaluating teachers, to choosing which schools needed to be improved or shut down, to deciding whether new charter schools were successful or not—became connected to these exams. By 2016, 42 states relied on test scores in their teacher evaluation systems,5 but the systems were notoriously flawed. Today, teachers report  \nIn an attempt to open up the real worldsofour schools to policymakers, reformers, journalists, and the public at large, I decided a book by classroom teachers was needed.  \nthe lowest morale in decades,6 fewer college students plan to become educators,7 and teacher shortages are rampant in nearly every state.8 Schools with the highest numbers of low-income students and students of color are still served by the most inexperienced teachers with fewer credentials, and they experience the highest rates of teacher turnover.9  \nFrom 2001 to 2013, 21,010 schools were closed, a disproportionate number of which served low-income black and brown students.10 Meanwhile, a series of new charter schools promised to raise student outcomes, as measured by test scores, faster than traditional schools. As a result, the number of charter schools grew more than 300 percent during almost the same time period, and 2,000 new charter schools were added in the past five years alone.11  \nI taught in a traditional public high school in Harlem at the height of the testing craze and when charter schools were spreading like wildfire throughout New York City. One year, Ihad a group of students who had been partofan entire grade that was removed from their charter school because of underperformance. The fol-  \nlowing year, I watched other ","cbCaiqsqQeepgWnc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqsqQeepgWnc","pdf",228201,"English","# The education reform narrative\n## Accountability and standardized testing\n## Effects on teachers and students\n# What reform looks like in real classrooms\n## Testing pressure and curriculum changes\n## School closures and charter outcomes\n# Bringing the educator perspective forward\n## Stories from teachers across the country","[{\"question\":\"What core story does the education reform movement promote about public education?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that public education is slipping from top global rankings and needs accountability-based reforms—especially standardized exams—to diagnose gaps and drive improvements.\"},{\"question\":\"How did No Child Left Behind affect testing requirements?\",\"answer\":\"It substantially increased the number of required state tests and, according to the cited reporting, students spent many days of the school year taking district- and state-mandated exams.\"},{\"question\":\"What impact does high-stakes testing have on schools and teachers?\",\"answer\":\"Educators describe shifts in morale and teaching practices toward test preparation, along with flawed systems for evaluating teachers and making decisions about school improvement or closure.\"}]","The Profession Speaks - Educator Perspectives on School Reform | PDF",1792070004,13]