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Hartwig, and Carlos Aggio  \nThis publication is part of the RTI Press Research Report series.  \nOccasional Papers are scholarly essays on policy, methods, or other topics relevant to RTI areas of research or technical focus.  \nRTI International  \n3040 East Cornwallis Road PO Box 12194  \nResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 USA  \nTel: +1.919.541.6000  \nE-mail: [rtipress@rti.org](rtipress@rti.org)  \n[Website: www. rti.org](Website: www. rti.org)  \nRTI Press publication OP-0082-2301  \nRTI International is an independent, nonprofit research organization dedicated to improving the human condition. The RTI Press mission is to disseminate information about RTI research, analytic tools, and technical expertise to a national and international audience. RTI Press publications are peer-reviewed by at least two independent substantive experts and one or more Press editors.  \nSuggested Citation  \nVan Ravens, J., Crouch, L., Merseth King, K., Hartwig, E. A., and Aggio, C. (2023) . The Preschool Entitlement: A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education. RTI Press Publication No. OP-0082-2301 . Research Triangle Park, NC:  \nRTI Press. [https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301](https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301)  \nCover photo: Jailoo kindergarten initiated by the Aga Khan Foundation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Photo by Caroline Arnold.  \n©2023 RTI International. RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. RTI and the RTI logo are U. S. registered trademarks of Research Triangle Institute.  \nThis work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 license (CC BY-NC-ND), a copy of which is available at [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)  \n[https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301](https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0082.2301) [www.rti.org/rtipress](www.rti.org/rtipress)  \nContents  \nAbout the Authors i  \nAbstract iii  \nIntroduction 1  \nOverview 2  \nTerminology and Trends 3  \nProgrammatic Diversity 5  \nLocation 5  \nLegal Status 6  \nProgram Structure 6  \nDuration 6  \nQuality 7  \nThe Rationale for an Adaptable Child Development Program 7  \nPublic and Private Goods 8  \nParameters: Dosage, Duration, and Student–Teacher Ratio 9  \nDosage 10  \nDuration 11  \nStudent–Teacher Ratio 11  \nProviding Additional Hours of Childcare 12  \nConditions 13  \nQuality and Accreditation 13  \nOversight 14  \nTimely Enrollment 14  \nA Level Playing Field for Public and Private Providers 15  \nLocal Autonomy 15  \nPhasing and Targeting 15  \nIndications of Macro-Level Costs 15  \nOverestimation 17  \nUnderestimation 17  \nFinance and Revenue 18  \nAbout the Authors  \nJan van Ravens, Doctorandus, is an independent policy advisor.  \nLuis Crouch, PhD, is an emeritus senior economist at RTI International.  \nKatherine Merseth King, MA, is Director, Early Childhood Development, at RTI International.  \nElisa A. Hartwig, EdM, is an independent researcher and technical advisor on early childhood.  \nCarlos Aggio, MPhil, is Research Fellow at Centro Interdisciplinariode Estudios en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (CIECTI), and a lecturer at Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ) .  \nRTI Press Associate Editor  \nNitya Venkateswaran  \nGovernance 20  \nFlanking Policies 20  \nDecentralization 20  \nThe Multisectoral Nature of ECD 21  \nNext Steps 22  \nConclusion 22  \nReferences 23  \nAppendix A. Establishing Quality in Child Development Programs 29  \nAppendix B. Estimating Salary Costs for the Preschool Entitlement 33  \nAppendix C. Financing the Preschool Entitlement: The Role of Taxation 35  \nAbstract  \nOnly three out of five children are enrolled in","cbCaitBPdqykUWI8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitBPdqykUWI8","pdf",888168,42,"English","# About the Authors\n# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Overview\n# Terminology and Trends\n# Programmatic Diversity\n## Location\n## Legal Status\n## Program Structure\n## Duration\n## Quality\n# The Rationale for an Adaptable Child Development Program\n## Public and Private Goods\n# Parameters: Dosage, Duration, and Student–Teacher Ratio\n## Dosage\n## Duration\n## Student–Teacher Ratio\n# Providing Additional Hours of Childcare\n## Conditions\n## Quality and Accreditation\n## Oversight\n## Timely Enrollment\n## A Level Playing Field for Public and Private Providers\n## Local Autonomy\n## Phasing and Targeting\n## Indications of Macro-Level Costs\n## Overestimation\n## Underestimation\n# Finance and Revenue\n# Governance\n## Flanking Policies\n## Decentralization\n## The Multisectoral Nature of ECD\n# Next Steps\n# Conclusion\n# References\n# Appendix A. Establishing Quality in Child Development Programs\n# Appendix B. Estimating Salary Costs for the Preschool Entitlement\n# Appendix C. Financing the Preschool Entitlement: The Role of Taxation","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the Preschool Entitlement aim to address?\",\"answer\":\"Preschool enrollment remains limited globally, and expansion largely stalled in 2020, especially in low-income countries. The proposal targets restarting and scaling universal access to preschool education.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Preschool Entitlement provide to each child?\",\"answer\":\"It guarantees every child the right to 600 hours per year of quality, government-funded preschool education. The specified schedule is 3 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 40 weeks per year.\"},{\"question\":\"How can providers deliver the program while maintaining quality and local flexibility?\",\"answer\":\"Accredited providers—public, private, and faith- or community-based with legal status—deliver the program after rigorous accreditation for quality, inclusion, and safety. They then shape delivery according to local circumstances and preferences.\"}]","The Preschool Entitlement - A Locally Adaptable Policy Instrument to Expand and Improve Preschool Education | PDF",1792059864,106]