[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-203275-105":59,"doc-detail-203275-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","the-potsdam-soil-moisture-observatory-high-coverage-reference-observations-at-kilometer-scale","The Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory - High-coverage reference observations at kilometer scale","","Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is used to estimate soil water content (SWC) by measuring at an intermediate scale, addressing limitations of point-scale sensors that can yield inaccurate absolute values under small-scale heterogeneity. CRNS supports validation of remote sensing algorithms, but long-term reference datasets remain scarce. The PosMO project implements multiscale soil moisture monitoring, harmonizing CRNS clusters, shallow measurements, and profile data into a ready-to-use reference dataset for satellite and model products.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-potsdam-soil-moisture-observatory-high-coverage-reference-observations-at-kilometer-scale/203275/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-potsdam-soil-moisture-observatory-high-coverage-reference-observations-at-kilometer-scale/203275.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) valuable for soil moisture estimation?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"CRNS estimates soil water content at an intermediate scale, bridging the gap between point measurements and larger-scale remote sensing, which helps reduce errors caused by small-scale heterogeneity.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory (PosMO) provide?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"PosMO provides harmonized soil moisture data from multiple sensor types, including a CRNS cluster, shallow soil moisture sensors, and soil moisture profile data, covering a highly instrumented agricultural site.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the dataset support remote sensing and modeling applications?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The dataset offers nearly complete coverage over an area of about 1 km² and includes complementary measurements (soil properties, vegetation, groundwater, meteorology, and remote sensing imagery) to contextualize soil moisture dynamics for remote sensing products, hydrological models, and land-surface models.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},203275,1788558804,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","The Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory: High-coverage reference observations at kilometer scale  \nPeter M. Grosse 1,2 , Elodie Marret 1 , Lena Scheiffele 1 , Katya Dimitrova Petrova 1 , Till Francke 1 , Daniel Altdorff1,3 , Maik Heistermann 1 , Merlin Schiel 1 , Carsten Neumann4 , Daniel Scheffler4 , Mehdi Saberioon4 , Matthias Kunz4 , Miroslav Zboril5 , Jonas Marach5 , Marcel Reginatto5 , Anna Balenzano6 , Daniel Rasche7 , Christine Stumpp8 , Benjamin Trost9 , and Sascha E. Oswald 1  \n1Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany  \n2UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Dep. Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Permoserstr.  \n15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany  \n3UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Dep. Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany  \n4 GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Section Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany  \n5Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany  \n6 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Bari, Via Amendola 122/D-O, 70126 Bari, Italy  \n7 GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany  \n8BOKU University, Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria  \n9Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany Correspondence: Lena Scheiffele ([lena.scheiffele@uni-potsdam.de](lena.scheiffele@uni-potsdam.de))  \n* The first two authors contributed equally to the publication.  \nAbstract.  \nCosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has gained popularity for estimating soil water content (SWC) due to its innovative capability to measure at an intermediate scale—a notable advantage over point-scale sensors, which are often sparsely installed and lead to inaccurate absolute values due to small-scale heterogeneity. CRNS serves as a crucial link between small and large  \n5 scales and has been emerging as a reference measurement for validating remote sensing algorithms. However, the sparse availability of long-term datasets limits use of this possibility. Within the DFG-research unit Cosmic Sense and the European SoMMet 21GRD08 project, multiscale soil moisture monitoring was implemented to integrate CRNS with complementary in-situ observations. In this paper, we present harmonized soil moisture data from different sensor types, including a CRNS cluster, shallow soil moisture measurements, and soil moisture profile data, creating a ready-to-use dataset as a reference  \n10 observation for remote sensing products, covering a highly-instrumented agricultural site in the northeast of Germany. The newly established Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory (PosMO) comprises 16 stationary CRNS sensors with point-scale SWC sensors installed at the same locations in different depths and data from intensive manual sampling campaigns (covering SWC, bulk density, organic matter, etc.) . This dataset goes beyond other studies by covering a larger area of approx. 1 km2 , while nevertheless achieving a high sensor density and mostly overlapping CRNS footprints allowing for nearly complete coverage.  \n15 Complementary measurements of soil properties, vegetation, groundwater, meteorology, and remote sensing imagery provide  \nthe context required to interpret the observed soil moisture dynamics across spatial and temporal scales. The data are available at [https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.bxamy-4zh855](https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.bxamy-4zh855) and provide a new reference dataset for remote sensing products, hydrological or land-surface models, and other applications related to soil water balance.  \n1 Introduction  \n20 The dynamic storage of water in soil is an important component of the terrestrial water cycle, yet it exhibits pronounced spatial and temporal variabil","cbCaiuKOJzsP6cga","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuKOJzsP6cga","pdf",25661777,36,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Soil moisture importance and variability\n## Challenges in multi-scale observations\n## Measurement approaches and scale mismatch","[{\"question\":\"Why is cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) valuable for soil moisture estimation?\",\"answer\":\"CRNS estimates soil water content at an intermediate scale, bridging the gap between point measurements and larger-scale remote sensing, which helps reduce errors caused by small-scale heterogeneity.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory (PosMO) provide?\",\"answer\":\"PosMO provides harmonized soil moisture data from multiple sensor types, including a CRNS cluster, shallow soil moisture sensors, and soil moisture profile data, covering a highly instrumented agricultural site.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dataset support remote sensing and modeling applications?\",\"answer\":\"The dataset offers nearly complete coverage over an area of about 1 km² and includes complementary measurements (soil properties, vegetation, groundwater, meteorology, and remote sensing imagery) to contextualize soil moisture dynamics for remote sensing products, hydrological models, and land-surface models.\"}]","The Potsdam Soil Moisture Observatory - High-coverage reference observations at kilometer scale | PDF",91]