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Virology Journal (2024) 21:124 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02397-9](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02397-9)  \nVirology Journal  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nThe potential use of therapeuticsand prophylactic mRNA vaccines in human papillomavirus (HPV)  \nFatemeh Movahed1, Satinik Darzi2, Parya Mahdavi3, Morug Salih Mahdi4, Omer Qutaiba B. Allela5, Hayder Naji Sameer6, Mohaned Adil7, Hasna Zarkhah8*, Saman Yasamineh9* and Omid Gholizadeh10  \nAbstract  \nCervical cancer (CC) and other malignant malignancies are acknowledged to be primarily caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Historically, vaccinations against viruses that produce neutralizing antibodies unique to the virus have been an affordable way to manage viral diseases. CC risk is decreased, but not eliminated, by HPV vaccinations. Since vaccinations have been made available globally, almost 90% of HPV infections have been successfully avoided. On the lesions and diseases that are already present, however, no discernible treatment benefit has been shown. As a result, therapeutic vaccines that elicit immune responses mediated by cells are necessary for the treatment of established infections and cancers. mRNA vaccines possess remarkable potential in combating viral diseases and malignancy as a result of their superior industrial production, safety, and efficacy. Furthermore, considering the expeditiousness of production, the mRNA vaccine exhibits promise as a therapeutic approach targeting HPV. Given that the HPV-encoded early proteins, including oncoproteins E6 and E7, are consistently present in HPVrelated cancers and pre-cancerous lesions and have crucial functions in the progression and persistence of HPVrelated diseases, they serve as ideal targets for therapeutic HPV vaccines. The action mechanism of HPV and HPVrelated cancer mRNA vaccines, their recent advancements in clinical trials, and the potential for their therapeutic applications are highlighted in this study, which also offers a quick summary of the present state of mRNA vaccines. Lastly, we highlight a few difficulties with mRNA HPV vaccination clinical practice and provide our thoughts on further advancements in this quickly changing sector. It is expected that mRNA vaccines will soon be produced quickly for clinical HPV prevention and treatment.  \nKeywords mRNA vaccines, Papillomavirus (HPV), Therapeutic, Prophylactic  \n*Correspondence:  \nHasna Zarkhah [hasnazarkhah@gmail.com](hasnazarkhah@gmail.com)[ ](hasnazarkhah@gmail.com)Saman Yasamineh [Yassaman124@gmail.com](Yassaman124@gmail.com)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[http://creativecom](http://creativecom)[mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit li","cbCaiddoPBSPNzzV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiddoPBSPNzzV","pdf",1798982,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## HPV biology and disease burden\n## Latency, risk factors, and prevention","[{\"question\":\"Why are therapeutic HPV vaccines needed despite existing preventive vaccination?\",\"answer\":\"Preventive vaccination lowers the risk of cervical cancer but does not eliminate existing lesions, and no clear treatment benefit has been shown on already present disease. Therefore, cell-mediated therapeutic vaccines are needed for established infections and cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes mRNA vaccines promising for HPV-related prevention and treatment?\",\"answer\":\"mRNA vaccines are highlighted for their superior industrial production, safety, and efficacy, and their production speed supports their potential therapeutic application targeting HPV.\"},{\"question\":\"Which HPV components are described as ideal targets for therapeutic vaccines?\",\"answer\":\"The study emphasizes HPV-encoded early proteins, especially the oncoproteins E6 and E7, which are consistently present in HPV-related cancers and pre-cancerous lesions and play crucial roles in progression and persistence.\"}]","The potential use of therapeuticsand prophylactic mRNA vaccines in human papillomavirus (HPV) - Review | PDF",1789978291]