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Water-soluble extract induced stronger apoptosis and increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes, associated with S-phase arrest. From 61 identified compounds, five showed strong COX-2 binding affinity in computational docking, supporting further development of cancer therapeutics.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-potential-of-the-south-african-plant-tulbaghia-violacea-harv-for-the-treatment-of-triple-negative-breast-cancer/374154/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-potential-of-the-south-african-plant-tulbaghia-violacea-harv-for-the-treatment-of-triple-negative-breast-cancer/374154.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is triple-negative breast cancer difficult to treat?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"TNBC has a low five-year survival rate and is resistant to hormone therapy because key hormone-related receptors are downregulated or absent. It also shows high recurrence and poor overall survival.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What did the study evaluate in Tulbaghia violacea extracts?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study tested cytotoxicity of methanol and water-soluble leaf extracts against an aTNBC cell line and measured cell-cycle and apoptosis responses. It also identified molecular compounds in water-soluble extracts using NMR and evaluated binding to COX-2 via computational docking.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which extract showed stronger pro-apoptotic activity and what evidence supported it?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The water-soluble extract induced apoptosis more strongly than the methanol-soluble extract and showed greater effects in the TNBC cell line than in the normal cell line. RNAseq indicated increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes, and the crude extract caused S-phase arrest, while docking highlighted five COX-2 high-affinity compounds.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},374154,1790755282,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nThe potential of the South African plant Tulbaghia Violacea Harv for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer  \nMohammed Alaouna1,6, Thulo Molefi2,6,8, Richard Khanyile2,8, Nkhensani Chauke-Malinga3,6,8, Aristotelis Chatziioannou4,6,8,  \nThifhelimbilu Emmanuel Luvhengo5,6, Maropeng Raletsena6,7, Clement Penny1,6, Rodney Hull6,8􀀍 & Zodwa Dlamini6,8􀀍  \nTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat and has a low five-year survival rate. In South Africa, a large percentage of the population still relies on traditional plant-based medicine. To establish the utility of both methanol and water-soluble extracts from the leaves of Tulbaghia violacea, cytotoxicity assays were carried out to establish the IC50 values against aTNBC cell line. Cell cycle and apoptosis assays were carried out using the extracts. To identify the molecular compounds, present in water-soluble leaf extracts, NMR spectroscopy was performed. Compounds of interest were then used in computational docking studies with the anti-apoptotic protein COX-2. The IC50 values for the water-and methanol-soluble extracts were determined to be 400 and 820 µg/mL, respectively. The water-soluble extract induced apoptosis in theTNBC cell line to a greater extent than in the normal cell line. RNAseq indicated that there was an increase in the transcription of pro-apoptotic genes in the TNBC cell line. The crude extract also caused these cells to stall in the S phase. Of the 61 compounds identified in this extract, five demonstrated a high binding affinity for COX-2 . Based on these findings, the compounds within the extract show significant potential for further investigation as candidates for the development of cancer therapeutics, particularly forTNBC.  \nKeywords Apoptosis induction, Cell cycle regulation, Computational docking, COX-2, Cytotoxicity assays, Molecular compound isolation, Traditional plant-based medicine, Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), Tulbaghia Violacea  \nAbbreviations  \nAB Alamar Blue  \nAas Amaryllidaceae alkaloids  \nCDKs Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases COX-2 Cyclooxygenase 2 protein  \nDDMP 3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl  \nDFS Disease-free survival  \nDMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide  \n1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 2Department of Medical Oncology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria  \n0001, South Africa. 3Papillon Aesthetics, Suite 302b Netcare Linksfield Hospital, 24 12th Ave, Linksfield West, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa. 4Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece. 5Department of Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa. 6Department of Chemical pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 7Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa. 8SA-MRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSTI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa. 􀀍 email: [Rodney.hull@up.ac.za](Rodney.hull@up.ac.za); [Zodwa.Dlamini@up.ac.za](Zodwa.Dlamini@up.ac.za)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificreports/)  \n5FU  \nGMP  \nNMR  \nOS PANTHER PI  \nROS  \nRTCA  \nTNBC  \nUMP  \n5-fluorouracil  \nGuanosine monophosphate Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Overall survival  \nProtein Analysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships Propidium iodide  \nReactive oxygen species Real-Time Cell Analysis Triple-negative breast cancer Uridine monophosphate  \nTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that has a high risk of spreading. A tenth to a twentieth","cbCaicW5wPhAXijH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicW5wPhAXijH","pdf",4148088,29,"English","# Background and Rationale\n## Triple-negative breast cancer characteristics\n## Traditional plant-based medicine context\n# Experimental Approach\n## Preparation of methanol and water-soluble extracts\n## Cytotoxicity (IC50) testing\n## Cell cycle and apoptosis assays\n# Molecular Identification and In Silico Studies\n## NMR spectroscopy for compound identification\n## Computational docking with COX-2\n# Key Findings and Implications\n## IC50 values and differential apoptosis effects\n## Gene transcription and S-phase arrest\n## COX-2 binding candidates for further study","[{\"question\":\"Why is triple-negative breast cancer difficult to treat?\",\"answer\":\"TNBC has a low five-year survival rate and is resistant to hormone therapy because key hormone-related receptors are downregulated or absent. It also shows high recurrence and poor overall survival.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study evaluate in Tulbaghia violacea extracts?\",\"answer\":\"The study tested cytotoxicity of methanol and water-soluble leaf extracts against an aTNBC cell line and measured cell-cycle and apoptosis responses. It also identified molecular compounds in water-soluble extracts using NMR and evaluated binding to COX-2 via computational docking.\"},{\"question\":\"Which extract showed stronger pro-apoptotic activity and what evidence supported it?\",\"answer\":\"The water-soluble extract induced apoptosis more strongly than the methanol-soluble extract and showed greater effects in the TNBC cell line than in the normal cell line. RNAseq indicated increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes, and the crude extract caused S-phase arrest, while docking highlighted five COX-2 high-affinity compounds.\"}]","The potential of the South African plant Tulbaghia Violacea Harv for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer | PDF",1790201222,73]