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The paper argues these Canadian rulings mirror U.S. gender-equity legal reasoning and outcomes under Title IX, and that Canadian school governance bodies should study related policy guidance and judicial decisions. It concludes that clearer gender equity policy research and principles could prevent unsatisfactory participation outcomes for both affected youth and athletic associations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-pasternak-case-and-american-gender-equity-policy-implications-for-canadian-high-school-athletics/597484/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-pasternak-case-and-american-gender-equity-policy-implications-for-canadian-high-school-athletics/597484.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pop out","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What decisions in Manitoba are analyzed in the Pasternak proceeding?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper examines the 2006 Manitoba Human Rights Commission decision and the 2008 judgment by the provincial Court of Queen’s Bench regarding an application for judicial review.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why was Title IX considered relevant to the Canadian high school context?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article emphasizes U.S. Title IX policies and case documentation as a model, arguing that the Canadian rulings closely resembled U.S. arguments and legal conclusions about gender equity in athletics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What broader implications does the paper draw for Canadian high school governance bodies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It argues Canadian governing bodies should study gender equity policies and related judicial decisions, because absence of clear policy and guiding principles can lead to poor outcomes for participation and access in sport.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},597484,1792190539,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760408,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, Issue \\#120, April 6, 2011.  \n© by CJEAP and the author(s) .  \nTHE PASTERNAK CASE AND AMERICAN GENDER EQUITY POLICY:  \nIMPLICATIONS FOR CANADIAN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETICS  \nDean M. Beaubier, Elton Collegiate Institute, Shannon A. Gadbois, Brandon University, and Sheldon L. Stick, University of Nebraska-Lincoln  \nIn 2004 twin sisters Amy and Jesse Pasternak competed for the prospect of playing high school hockey, vying for the boys’ team rather than the girls’. The sisters’ opportunities were negated by the Manitoba High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) . This paper examines the 2006 decision by the Manitoba Human Rights Commission and a 2008 judgment by the provincial Court of Queen’s Bench regarding an application for judicial review. We argue that these decisions imply that Canadian high school governance bodies should study gender equity policies and the judicial decisions surrounding similar high school challenges in the United States. This ultimately has implications for future such circumstances.  \nIntroduction  \nGoddard and Hart (2007) argued that Canadian public schools consistently have neglected gender equity issues because developed policy has been absent (Coulter, 1996; Sandford & Blair, 2002) . The result has been to subordinate gender differences in public schools in academic and other realms of school life, including that of high school athletics. Web searches  \nThe Pasternak Case and American Gender Equity Policy  \nof policy handbooks from Canadian provincial associations or federations governing high school athletics yielded minimal information addressing gender equity. * Although these organizations utilized relevant terminology in their mission statements or included gender equity as one in a list of several objectives, most did not have in-depth policy directives.  \nAs distinct from Canadian rulings, this paper emphasizes thorough knowledge and consideration of the value of American Title IX policies and case documentation. In order to demonstrate Title IX’s potential, this article examines the requests of two Manitoba youth, Amy and Jesse Pasternak, to participate on a male athletic team and the Manitoba High School Athletic Association’s (MHSAA) response. The rulings and judicial commentary by the Manitoba Human Rights Commission (MHRC) (2006) and provincial Court of Queen’s Bench (2008) in the Pasternak proceeding bore a strong resemblance to arguments and legal conclusions of gender equity issues in high school and college athletic programs in the United States. The outcomes allow for believing that increased attention to American athletic gender equity policy may have helped avoid the dilemma and ameliorated the conditions surrounding participation in sport.  \nThe case is particularly important because: (1) it illustrates difficulties for concerned parties when the aforementioned absence of developed gender equity policy exists in a provincial school system, and,(2) it highlights the argument that problems particular to circumstance, access, and participation should be central foci when creating a well-crafted policy (Sammons, 2007) . Without clear policy, we argue that an unsatisfactory outcome arose for both the Pasternaks and the MHSAA. This case seemed to show a lack of thorough consideration of relevant policy research and the development of appropriate guiding principles and/or courses of  \n* The key words we used in a Google web search included each individual province’s name, and the terms provincial, athletic, association, federation, handbook, gender, equity, and policy. These words were used in various combinations in order to exhaust all possibilities in order to access provincial athletic handbooks.  \nThe Pasternak Case and American Gender Equity Policy  \naction for dealing with such situations. The result of the dispute led to the belief similar outcomes will ensue for other provincial bodies that either fail to anticipate similar ","cbCairtlYHpS7tLO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairtlYHpS7tLO","pdf",179772,37,"English","# Introduction\n# The Pasternak Case and American Gender Equity Policy\n# American Gender Equity Policy and the Canadian Context","[{\"question\":\"What decisions in Manitoba are analyzed in the Pasternak proceeding?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines the 2006 Manitoba Human Rights Commission decision and the 2008 judgment by the provincial Court of Queen’s Bench regarding an application for judicial review.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was Title IX considered relevant to the Canadian high school context?\",\"answer\":\"The article emphasizes U.S. Title IX policies and case documentation as a model, arguing that the Canadian rulings closely resembled U.S. arguments and legal conclusions about gender equity in athletics.\"},{\"question\":\"What broader implications does the paper draw for Canadian high school governance bodies?\",\"answer\":\"It argues Canadian governing bodies should study gender equity policies and related judicial decisions, because absence of clear policy and guiding principles can lead to poor outcomes for participation and access in sport.\"}]","THE PASTERNAK CASE AND AMERICAN GENDER EQUITY POLICY - IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADIAN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETICS | PDF",1792085100,93]