[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122550-en":3,"doc-seo-122550-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122550,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",8,"Research & Report","The Parental Gender Care Gap in Spain - A Machine Learning approach - Master Thesis","The thesis examines the parental gender care gap in Spain by analysing parents’ work hours, the within-couple work-hour gap, and the likelihood of not working due to childcare responsibilities. Using 2023 data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (SLFS), it applies machine learning techniques to uncover the underlying factors. Results indicate persistent gender disparities: mothers work fewer hours and are more likely to be out of employment because of childcare duties.","Master in Economics: Empirical Applications and Policies University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU  \nMaster Thesis  \nThe parental gender care gap in Spain: A Machine  \nLearning approach  \nNaroa García Oleaga  \nSupervisors: Alaitz Artabe Echevarria and Ainhoa Vega Bayo  \nJuly 22nd 2024  \nAbstract  \nThis thesis analyses the parental gender care gap in Spain, focusing on the work hours of parents, as well as the gap in work hours within a couple, and those parents not working due to childcare responsibilities. Using 2023 data of the Spanish Labour Force Survey (SLFS), we employ Machine Learning techniques in order to identify the underlying factors. Results show that there are gender disparities, with mothers working less hours and being more likely not to work due to childcare responsibilities.  \nKeywords: parental gender care gap, childcare responsibilities, machine learning  \nTable of contents  \n1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5  \n2. Literature review ..................................................................................................... 6  \n3. Data........................................................................................................................... 9  \n3.1. Descriptive statistics ........................................................................................ 11  \n4. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 21  \n4.1. Machine Learning techniques: Regularisation methods................................. 22  \n4.1.1. Ridge....................................................................................................... 22  \n4.1.2. LASSO ................................................................................................... 23  \n4.1.3. Elastic Net .............................................................................................. 23  \n4.2. Binary regression model – Logit .................................................................... 24  \n5. Results .................................................................................................................... 26  \n5.1. Factors influencing not working due to caring responsibilities...................... 26  \n5.2. Determinants of work hours of parents .......................................................... 28  \n5.3. Which factors help to explain the gap in work hours within a couple ........... 32  \n6. Conclusions and discussion .................................................................................. 34  \nReferences...................................................................................................................... 37  \nAppendix ....................................................................................................................... 41  \nList of Figures  \nFigure 1: Number of children distribution .................................................................................. 12  \nFigure 2: Age of children distribution ......................................................................................... 12  \nFigure 3: Labour situation by age of children and gender .......................................................... 13  \nFigure 4: Reasons for not working by sex................................................................................... 14  \nFigure 5: Reasons for part-time job by age of children and gender ............................................ 16  \nFigure 6: Labour situation affected by childcare duties .............................................................. 17  \nFigure 7: Weekly hours worked by age of children and gender .................................................. 18  \nFigure 8: Average weekly worked hours for males and females by education, occupation skill and sector ......................................................................................","cbCailMWOzUsPcO6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailMWOzUsPcO6","pdf",1074329,1,46,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Literature review\n# Data\n## Descriptive statistics\n# Methodology\n## Machine Learning techniques: Regularisation methods\n## Binary regression model – Logit\n# Results\n## Factors influencing not working due to caring responsibilities\n## Determinants of work hours of parents\n## Which factors help to explain the gap in work hours within a couple\n# Conclusions and discussion\n# References\n# Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What does the thesis measure about the parental gender care gap in Spain?\",\"answer\":\"It analyses parents’ work hours, the gap in work hours within a couple, and cases where parents do not work due to childcare responsibilities.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data source and year are used for the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses 2023 data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (SLFS).\"},{\"question\":\"What key findings does the thesis report about gender differences?\",\"answer\":\"The results show gender disparities: mothers work fewer hours and are more likely not to work because of childcare responsibilities.\"}]","The Parental Gender Care Gap in Spain - A Machine Learning approach - Master Thesis | PDF",1785811233,116,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"the-parental-gender-care-gap-in-spain-a-machine-learning-approach-master-thesis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-parental-gender-care-gap-in-spain-a-machine-learning-approach-master-thesis/122550/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What does the thesis measure about the parental gender care gap in Spain?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It analyses parents’ work hours, the gap in work hours within a couple, and cases where parents do not work due to childcare responsibilities.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Which data source and year are used for the analysis?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The study uses 2023 data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (SLFS).",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What key findings does the thesis report about gender differences?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The results show gender disparities: mothers work fewer hours and are more likely not to work because of childcare responsibilities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]