[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43321-en":3,"doc-seo-43321-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43321,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",2,"Literature","The Oxford Handbook of Atheism","The Oxford Handbook of Atheism offers a comprehensive scholarly overview of atheism across definitions, major debates, and philosophical challenges. It presents structured discussions of arguments for and against atheism, including critiques of theistic reasoning and the problem of evil, alongside connections to morality and the meaning of life. Coverage extends to historical developments of Western atheism, major worldview frameworks, and the relationship between atheism and natural and social sciences, with global perspectives and arts commentary.","THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF  \nATHEISM  \nTHE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF  \nATHEISM  \nEdited by  \nSTEPHEN BULLIVANT  \nand  \nMICHAEL RUSE  \nGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,  \nUnited Kingdom  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,  \nand education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2013 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted  \nFirst Edition published in 2013  \nImpression: 1  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nData available  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2013948263 ISBN 978–0–19–964465–0  \nPrinted and bound in Great Britain by  \nCPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, cr0 4yy  \nLinks to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.  \nCONTENTS  \nAcknowledgements List of Contributors  \nIntroduction: The Study of Atheism  \nSTEPHEN BULLIVANT AND MICHAEL RUSE  \nPART I DEFINITIONS AND DEBATES  \n1. Defining ‘Atheism ’  \nSTEPHEN BULLIVANT  \n2. The Case against Atheism  \nT. J. MAWSON  \n3. Critiques of Theistic Arguments  \nA. C. GRAYLING  \n4. Arguments for Atheism  \nGRAHAM OPPY  \n5. The Problem of Evil  \nMICHAEL L. PETERSON  \n6. Atheism and Morality  \nERIK J. WIELENBERG  \n7. Atheism and the Meaningfulness of Life  \nKIMBERLY A. BLESSING  \n8. Aquinas and Atheism  \nBRIAN DAVIES  \nPART II HISTORY OF (WESTERN) ATHEISM  \n9. From the Pre-Socratics to the Hellenistic Age  \nDAVID SEDLEY  \n10. The First Millennium  \nMARK EDWARDS  \n11. The Medieval Period  \nDOROTHEA WELTECKE  \n12. Renaissance and Reformation  \nDENIS J.-J. ROBICHAUD  \n13. The Age of Enlightenment  \nALAN CHARLES KORS  \n14. The (Long) Nineteenth Century  \nDAVID NASH  \n15. The Twentieth Century  \nCALLUM G. BROWN  \n16. New Atheism  \nTHOMAS ZENK  \nPART III WORLDVIEWS AND SYSTEMS  \n17. Humanism  \nSTEPHEN LAW  \n18. Existentialism  \nALISON STONE  \n19. Marxism  \nPETER THOMPSON  \n20. Analytic Philosophy  \nCHARLES PIGDEN  \n21. Jewish Atheism  \nJACQUES BERLINERBLAU  \n22. Buddhism  \nANDREW SKILTON  \n23. Jainism  \nANNE VALLELY  \n24. Hinduism  \nJESSICA FRAZIER  \nPART IV ATHEISM AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES  \n25. Naturalism and the Scientific Method  \nMICHAEL RUSE  \n26. Atheism and the Rise of Science  \nTANER EDIS  \n27. Atheism and Darwinism  \nDAVID P. BARASH  \n28. Atheism and the Physical Sciences  \nVICTOR J. STENGER  \nPART V ATHEISM AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES  \n29. Atheism and the Secularization Thesis  \nFRANK L. PASQUALE AND BARRY A. KOSMIN  \n30. The Psychology of Atheism  \nMIGUEL FARIAS  \n31. Atheism and Cognitive Science  \nJONATHAN A. LANMAN  \n32. Atheism and Societal Health  \nPHIL ZUCKERMAN  \n33. Atheism, Gender, and Sexuality  \nMELANIE ELYSE BREWSTER  \n34. Atheism, Health, and Well-Being  \nKAREN HWANG  \n35. Conversion and Deconversion  \nRALPH W. HOOD JR. AND ZHUO CHEN  \nPART VI GLOBAL EXPRESSIONS  \n36. A World of Atheism: Global Demographics  \nARIELA KEYSAR AND JUHEM NAVARRO-RIVERA  \n37. Western Europe  \nLOIS LEE  \n38. North America  \nRYAN T. CRAGUN , JOSEPH H. HAMMER, AND JESSE M. SMITH  ","cbCaiuRuz2VLniNR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuRuz2VLniNR","pdf",6017602,5,1,1021,"English","en",105,"# Introduction: The Study of Atheism\n# Part I: Definitions and Debates\n## Defining ‘Atheism ’\n## The Case against Atheism\n## Critiques of Theistic Arguments\n## Arguments for Atheism\n## The Problem of Evil\n## Atheism and Morality\n## Atheism and the Meaningfulness of Life\n## Aquinas and Atheism\n# Part II: History of (Western) Atheism\n## From the Pre-Socratics to the Hellenistic Age\n## The First Millennium\n## The Medieval Period\n## Renaissance and Reformation\n## The Age of Enlightenment\n## The (Long) Nineteenth Century\n## The Twentieth Century\n## New Atheism\n# Part III: Worldviews and Systems\n## Humanism\n## Existentialism\n## Marxism\n## Analytic Philosophy\n## Jewish Atheism\n## Buddhism\n## Jainism\n## Hinduism\n# Part IV: Atheism and the Natural Sciences\n## Naturalism and the Scientific Method\n## Atheism and the Rise of Science\n## Atheism and Darwinism\n## Atheism and the Physical Sciences\n# Part V: Atheism and the Social Sciences\n## Atheism and the Secularization Thesis\n## The Psychology of Atheism\n## Atheism and Cognitive Science\n## Atheism and Societal Health\n## Atheism, Gender, and Sexuality\n## Atheism, Health, and Well-Being\n## Conversion and Deconversion\n# Part VI: Global Expressions\n## A World of Atheism: Global Demographics\n## Western Europe\n## North America\n## Central and Eastern Europe\n## The Islamic World\n## India\n## Japan\n# Part VII: Atheism and the Arts\n## Literature\n## The Visual Arts\n## Music\n## Film\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"How does the handbook approach the study of atheism at the start?\",\"answer\":\"It begins with an introduction focused on studying atheism, followed by Part I that frames key definitional issues and major debates.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of arguments and objections are covered in the debates section?\",\"answer\":\"Part I includes the case against atheism, critiques of theistic arguments, arguments for atheism, and analysis of the problem of evil.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the handbook connect atheism to other fields beyond philosophy?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. It addresses atheism in relation to the natural sciences and the social sciences, and also includes global expressions and topics in the arts, such as literature and film.\"}]",1783380011,1572,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"the-oxford-handbook-of-atheism","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-oxford-handbook-of-atheism/43321/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How does the handbook approach the study of atheism at the start?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It begins with an introduction focused on studying atheism, followed by Part I that frames key definitional issues and major debates.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What kinds of arguments and objections are covered in the debates section?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Part I includes the case against atheism, critiques of theistic arguments, arguments for atheism, and analysis of the problem of evil.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Does the handbook connect atheism to other fields beyond philosophy?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Yes. 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