[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-292771-105":59,"doc-detail-292771-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","the-organic-anion-transporter-oat-family-a-systems-biology-perspective","The Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family - A Systems Biology Perspective","","The organic anion transporter (OAT) subfamily, comprising roughly half of the SLC22 transporter family, is central to handling widely used drugs, environmental and endogenous toxins, and nutrient-derived metabolites. OATs show broad tissue expression and are implicated in metabolism and disposal of gut microbiome metabolites and putative uremic toxins in kidney disease. Evidence from metabolomics, microarrays, and knockout models highlights regulation by nuclear receptors and transcription factors, coordinated with drug-metabolizing enzymes, and supports roles in remote interorgan signaling.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-organic-anion-transporter-oat-family-a-systems-biology-perspective/292771/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-organic-anion-transporter-oat-family-a-systems-biology-perspective/292771.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fez","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the OAT family in this perspective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The article focuses on how the organic anion transporter (OAT) family contributes to drug, toxin, and nutrient handling and how these functions connect to systems biology regulation and signaling.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Where are OAT transporters expressed and what transport roles do they play?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"OATs are localized across many barrier epithelia, endothelium, and other cells, supporting regulated movement of organic anionic molecules between body-fluid compartments, with many viewed as facilitating influx into epithelial cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the OAT pathway regulated according to the discussed evidence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Transcriptional regulation is linked to nuclear receptors and transcription factors such as Hnf4α and Hnf1α, acting in concert with phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What does the remote sensing and signaling hypothesis propose about OAT function?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"It proposes that OATs can enable remote interorgan communication by regulating the levels of signaling molecules and key metabolites in tissues and body fluids, influencing both interorgan and interorganismal communication.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},292771,1789655199,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":133,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},2336478940794,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Physiol Rev 95: 83–123, 2015  \ndoi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2013  \nTHE ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER (OAT) FAMILY: A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE  \nSanjay K. Nigam, Kevin T. Bush, Gleb Martovetsky, Sun-Young Ahn, Henry C. Liu, Erin Richard, Vibha Bhatnagar, and Wei Wu  \nDepartments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bioengineering, and Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California  \nNigam SK, Bush KT, Martovetsky G, Ahn S-Y, Liu HC, Richard E, Bhatnagar V, Wu W. The Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family: A Systems Biology Perspective. Physiol Rev 95: 83–123, 2015; doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2013.—The organic anion transporter (OAT) subfamily, which constitutes roughly half of the SLC22 (solute carrier 22) transporter family, has received a great deal of attention because of its role in handling of common drugs (antibiotics, antivirals, diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), toxins (mercury, aristolochic acid), and nutrients (vitamins, flavonoids) . Oats are expressed in many tissues, including kidney, liver, choroid plexus, olfactory mucosa, brain, retina, and placenta. Recent metabolomics and microarray data from Oat1 [Slc22a6, originally identified as NKT (novel kidney transporter)] and Oat3 (Slc22a8) knockouts, as well as systems biology studies, indicate that this pathway plays a central role in the metabolism and handling of gut microbiome metabolites as well as putative uremic toxins of kidney disease. Nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, such as Hnf4􀀂 and Hnf1􀀂, appear to regulate the expression of certain Oats in conjunction with phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Some Oats have a strong selectivity for particular signaling molecules, including cyclic nucleotides, conjugated sex steroids, odorants, uric acid, and prostaglandins and/or their metabolites. According to the“Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis,” which is elaborated in detail here, Oats may function in remote interorgan communication by regulating levels of signaling molecules and key metabolites in tissues and body fluids. Oats may also play a major role in interorganismal communication (via movement of small molecules across the intestine, placental barrier, into breast milk, and volatile odorants into the urine) . The role of various Oat isoforms in systems physiology appears quite complex, and their ramifications are discussed in the context of remote sensing and signaling.  \nI. INTRODUCTION 83  \nII. ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER FAMILY 88  \nIII. OAT NOMENCLATURE 88  \nIV. ORGANIC ANIONS HANDLED BY OATS 95  \nV. PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF OATS 97  \nVI. RECENT ADVANCES IN OAT RESEARCH 97  \nVII. THE REMOTE SENSING AND... 104  \nVIII. SUMMARY 114  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nA. The Organic Anion Transport Pathway  \nThe organic anion transporter (OAT) family comprises a group of over 10 transmembrane proteins (TABLE 1) falling into the SLC22 (solute carrier 22) subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS); the SLC22 subfamily also includes the organic cation transporters (OCTs) and organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters (OCTNs) (127). OAT family members are highly similar within this subclass of SLC22 transporters and share many structural characteristics with  \nother MFS proteins. Modeling, mutagenesis, and other studies are consistent with the view that these transmembrane proteins are composed of about 540–560 amino acids comprising 12 transmembrane domains (69, 127, 282, 283) (FIGURE 1).  \nAlthough the initial focus in this field was on the kidney, the OATs have been localized to almost all barrier epithelia of the body, as well as endothelium and other cells, and have demonstrated roles in the regulated transcellular movement of numerous small organic anionic molecules across these epithelial barriers and between body fluid compartments (i.e., blood-central nervous system, blood-urine, intestineblood, blood-bile, blood-placenta, and others) . While prototypical memb","cbCaig6Gh1wo9bjO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig6Gh1wo9bjO","pdf",2696525,41,"English","# I. Introduction\n## A. The Organic Anion Transport Pathway\n# II. Organic Anion Transporter Family\n# III. OAT Nomenclature\n# IV. Organic Anions Handled by Oats\n# V. Physiological Roles of Oats\n# VI. Recent Advances in Oat Research\n# VII. The Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis\n# VIII. Summary","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the OAT family in this perspective?\",\"answer\":\"The article focuses on how the organic anion transporter (OAT) family contributes to drug, toxin, and nutrient handling and how these functions connect to systems biology regulation and signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"Where are OAT transporters expressed and what transport roles do they play?\",\"answer\":\"OATs are localized across many barrier epithelia, endothelium, and other cells, supporting regulated movement of organic anionic molecules between body-fluid compartments, with many viewed as facilitating influx into epithelial cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the OAT pathway regulated according to the discussed evidence?\",\"answer\":\"Transcriptional regulation is linked to nuclear receptors and transcription factors such as Hnf4α and Hnf1α, acting in concert with phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the remote sensing and signaling hypothesis propose about OAT function?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes that OATs can enable remote interorgan communication by regulating the levels of signaling molecules and key metabolites in tissues and body fluids, influencing both interorgan and interorganismal communication.\"}]","The Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family - A Systems Biology Perspective | PDF",103]