[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-405913-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-405913-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-open-source-multi-wavelength-non-invasive-blood-glucose-sensing-system","The open-source multi-wavelength non-invasive blood glucose sensing system","","Diabetes management depends on reliable blood glucose monitoring to enable timely adjustments, yet finger-prick testing causes discomfort and reduces adherence. An open-source multi-wavelength spectroscopy system is proposed and validated using visible (660 nm) and near-infrared (940 nm) measurements with six transmission/reflection strategies. Validation proceeds in three phases: regression against a commercial meter, clinical acceptability testing in 96 volunteers, and definitive comparison to venous plasma glucose (VPG) as the gold standard. Transmission modes show 100% Zone A safety for intermittent monitoring and improved analytical precision over an ISO-compliant benchmark.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-open-source-multi-wavelength-non-invasive-blood-glucose-sensing-system/405913/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-open-source-multi-wavelength-non-invasive-blood-glucose-sensing-system/405913.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Margaret","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is non-invasive blood glucose monitoring important for diabetes care?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Finger-prick testing is uncomfortable and reduces compliance, and it also introduces trauma and infection risk. Non-invasive monitoring aims to deliver accurate measurements while improving comfort and safety.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the proposed system measure glucose?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It uses an open-source multi-wavelength spectroscopy approach combining visible (660 nm) and near-infrared (940 nm) wavelengths across six transmission and reflection strategies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What standard is used to validate the system clinically?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The system is compared against venous plasma glucose (VPG), described as the gold standard, and reflection-based strategies show clinical failure while transmission modes demonstrate clinical safety.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},405913,1790693724,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137451207643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nThe open-source multi-wavelength non-invasive blood glucose sensing system  \nAnhThu Pham Nguyen1,2, Thanh Ven Huynh1,2, Hoang Nhut Huynh1,2, Thien HauTran1,2, Minh Hoang Phan3, Hoang Van Nguyen Thi3, Anh Tu Lai Le3, NgocAn Dang Nguyen4, Phuong Thanh Pham Thi5, The Thuong Nguyen6, Van Thanh Dang6, Duc Manh Nguyen6, Hong Duyen Trinh Tran1,2􀀍 & Trung NghiaTran1,2  \nDiabetes treatment requires reliable blood glucose monitoring to allow for appropriate adjustmentsand interventions. The conventional finger-prick test is associated with significant discomfort and poor compliance, highlighting the critical need for non-invasive, user-friendly solutions. This study proposesand validates an open-source, multi-wavelength spectroscopy system that combines visible (660 nm) and near-infrared (940 nm) wavelengths through six distinct transmission and reflection strategies. The system was validated through a rigorous three-phase process. Phase I established a preliminary regression model against a commercial meter using 500 controlled samples (R2 up to 0.8832) . Phase II expanded this validation in 96 healthy volunteers, confirming high clinical acceptability (over 95% in Zone A, Clarke Error Grid) and a mean absolute error of 8.438 mg/dL relative to the commercial device. Critically, Phase III performed a definitive clinical validation, comparing our system and the commercial meter against the venous plasma glucose (VPG) gold standard. This analysis definitively established the clinical failure of all reflection-based strategies (resulting in Zone D errors), while confirming 100% clinical safety (Zones A/B) for all transmission modes. Notably, our multi-wavelength transmission (MT) strategy achieved 100% Zone A accuracy and demonstrated superior analytical precision (tighter ISO 15197:2015 compliance) than the ISO-compliant commercial benchmark when both were compared to theVPG. This work validates a transparent, open-source platform as a clinically reliable and accurate non-invasive alternative for intermittent glucose monitoring.  \nKeywords Blood glucose sensing, Diabetes management, Multi-wavelength spectroscopy, Non-invasive glucose monitoring, Near-infrared, Self-monitoring  \nBlood glucose monitoring is crucial in managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Although conventional methods provide high accuracy, they often rely on invasive techniques that require frequent skin punctures, which leads to patient discomfort and an increased risk of infection1–3. These limitations have driven the development of non-invasive technologies aimed that aim to deliver accurate measurements while maintaining patient comfort and safety. Traditional glucose monitoring methods involve capillary blood sampling, which typically requires finger-pricking. Despite their high accuracy, these approaches introduce discomfort, trauma, and infection risks, rendering them unsuitable for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)4–8. Although minimally invasive techniques, such as implantable biosensors and microneedles, have addressed some of these challenges, they still involve skin penetration and require periodic sensor replacement9.  \nTo overcome these limitations, a plasmonic microwave Fano resonator with a high figure of merit (FoM) was developed for non-invasive glucose monitoring. Operating at resonance frequencies of 3.25 and 4.67 GHz, the sensor was fabricated on a Rogers 6010 substrate (ϵ = 10 .2) and optimized for detecting glucose variations in  \n1Laboratory of Laser Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Dien Hong Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 72409, Vietnam. 2Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Xuan Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 71308, Vietnam. 3Ho Chi Minh City Hospital For RehabilitationProfessional Diseases, 313 Au Duong Lan, Chanh Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 73020, Vietnam. 4Department of R","cbCaiobYMVVVmBAl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiobYMVVVmBAl","pdf",11139522,25,"English","# Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring problem\n# Proposed open-source multi-wavelength spectroscopy system\n# Validation phases (regression, volunteers, clinical standard)\n# Performance vs. commercial meter and clinical safety\n# Related non-invasive sensing approaches (microwave, THz, Raman)","[{\"question\":\"Why is non-invasive blood glucose monitoring important for diabetes care?\",\"answer\":\"Finger-prick testing is uncomfortable and reduces compliance, and it also introduces trauma and infection risk. Non-invasive monitoring aims to deliver accurate measurements while improving comfort and safety.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed system measure glucose?\",\"answer\":\"It uses an open-source multi-wavelength spectroscopy approach combining visible (660 nm) and near-infrared (940 nm) wavelengths across six transmission and reflection strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"What standard is used to validate the system clinically?\",\"answer\":\"The system is compared against venous plasma glucose (VPG), described as the gold standard, and reflection-based strategies show clinical failure while transmission modes demonstrate clinical safety.\"}]","The open-source multi-wavelength non-invasive blood glucose sensing system | PDF",1790562515,63]