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The article surveys how journalism’s transformation affects research, analysis, community engagement, evidence and perspective, and new publication and social action. Drawing on journalism studies and civic literacy pedagogy, it argues that writing classrooms can help merge civic literacy with citizen journalism.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-open-gates-of-the-fourth-estate-spring-2012/599580/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-open-gates-of-the-fourth-estate-spring-2012/599580.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jayni","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What change in journalism is the article focused on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on technological and economic shifts that move civic literacy practices closer to citizen journalism, turning journalism into a practice rather than only a profession.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the decline of newspapers relate to civic life in the article?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues that newspapers’ decline affects democratic functions like watchdog reporting and can influence participation and competition in local elections.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does the writing classroom play?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article proposes a pedagogy where practices of civic literacy merge with citizen journalism, using classroom work to shape civic literacy practices alongside citizen-journalism practices.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599580,1792190544,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","CF 25: “The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate” by Eric Leake Page 1 of 16  \nComposition Forum 25, Spring 2012 [http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/](http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/)  \nThe Open Gates of the Fourth Estate: Civic Literacy Meets Citizen Journalism  \n [[http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=compforum](http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?v=250&username=compforum)]  \nEric Leake  \nAbstract: Technological and economic change within the business and social function of journalism are moving civic literacy practices ever closer to those of citizen journalism. In this article, I survey the changes underway as journalism becomes less a profession and more a practice, a way of reading and writing about society. I draw from journalism studies and civic literacy pedagogies to argue that the writing classroom has a valuable role to play in shaping civic literacy practices in concert with those of citizen journalism. Many of the practices of citizen journalism—including research, analysis, community engagement, the consideration of evidence and perspectives, a move toward new means of publication and social action—are exactly those capturing the attention of composition scholars.  \nThe Paperless End of Newspapers: A Death  \nWith some regularity, newspapers carry stories of the death of newspapers. Advertising revenue is down, positions are cut, and established publications such as the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, Colorado, which had printed for 149 years, are shuttered with a farewell and their own obituary as final headlines. Unstoppable technological, economic, and social forces are usually blamed. Many news readers turn to the internet, where readership of newspapers has been growing, although newspapers struggle to learn how to capitalize upon that growth. This is a grim time for traditional newspapers. It is also a time of opportunity and promise for digital literacies and citizen journalism, the potentials of which are the focus of this article. I begin by surveying the present state of journalism and considering the rise of citizen journalism, participatory culture, and news ecosystems—drawing heavily from journalism studies and civic literacy within composition—before proposing a pedagogy in which practices of civic literacy may merge with those of citizen journalism in the writing classroom.  \nAcademics and journalism professionals are scrambling to try to come to terms with the technological, economic, and social revolution underway in journalism. They want to know what a post-newspaper newspaper might be, who will read and write and produce it, and what effects those changes might have for our democracy. As this is a growing concern, and as many of those writing about journalism are rather prolific writers themselves, there is much reading to do and much ofit in the form of the blog posts that are part of the new journalism. (Jeff Jarvis’s BuzzMachine and Jay Rosen’s PressThink are two examples.) Readings from the field of journalism studies inform a substantial portion of the theory supporting this article. To give but one example of the concern, Princeton University researchers Sam Schulhofer-Wohl and Miguel Garrido found in a recent study that after the closure of the Cincinnati Post voter participation dropped and local elections were less competitive in the precincts that most relied upon the Post for political coverage. They note that their study is statistically imprecise but nonetheless argue that it is a negative portend for democratic life after the closure of a newspaper.“Do newspapers play a valuable, irreplaceable role in American  \n[http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/civic-literacy-citizen-journalism.php](http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/civic-literacy-citizen-journalism.php)  \nCF 25: “The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate” by Eric Leake Page 2 of 16  \ndemocracy, or can new media fill the gap when a newspaper closes?” they ask (19) . In response to this open and continually debate","cbCainIq63FS1iRU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainIq63FS1iRU","pdf",74858,16,"English","# The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate\n## The Paperless End of Newspapers: A Death","[{\"question\":\"What change in journalism is the article focused on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on technological and economic shifts that move civic literacy practices closer to citizen journalism, turning journalism into a practice rather than only a profession.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the decline of newspapers relate to civic life in the article?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that newspapers’ decline affects democratic functions like watchdog reporting and can influence participation and competition in local elections.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the writing classroom play?\",\"answer\":\"The article proposes a pedagogy where practices of civic literacy merge with citizen journalism, using classroom work to shape civic literacy practices alongside citizen-journalism practices.\"}]","The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate - Spring 2012 | PDF",1792089050]