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Targeting NSD proteins may disrupt epigenetic changes triggered by viruses and help restore normal cellular function. Developing NSD inhibitors could counteract abnormal histone modifications caused by viral infections, slowing cancer progression. This review highlights the NSD protein family’s critical function in epigenetic regulation and cancer progression, including virus-induced cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-oncogenic-role-of-the-nsd-histone-methyltransferases-in-head-and-neck-and-cervical-cancers-read-online-free/331685/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-oncogenic-role-of-the-nsd-histone-methyltransferases-in-head-and-neck-and-cervical-cancers-read-online-free/331685.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What therapeutic potential do NSD proteins offer in virus-induced cancers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Targeting NSD proteins may disrupt viral-triggered epigenetic changes and restore normal cellular function. NSD inhibitors are proposed to counteract abnormal histone modifications and slow progression.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are HPV types classified in the review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"HPV types are classified into five genera (alpha, beta, gamma, mu, nu) based on nucleotide sequences. The L1 gene is used as the standard, and distinct types must differ by at least 10% in the L1 sequence.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What distinguishes high-risk HPV from low-risk HPV regarding cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Low-risk HPV types are associated mainly with benign lesions, while high-risk HPV types are established causative agents of cancer. High-risk HPV genotypes are described as carcinogenic to humans, with HPV16 and HPV18 among the most common.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331685,1790534988,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1794309523707217728","Tumour Virus Research 19 (2025) 200301  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nTumour Virus Research  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/tumour-virus-research)[ www.journals.elsevier.com/tumour-virus-research](homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/tumour-virus-research)  \n| The oncogenic role of the NSD histone methyltransferases in head and neck and cervical cancers\u003Cbr>*\u003Cbr>Lavinia Ghiani , Susanna Chiocca\u003Cbr>Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy |\n| --- |\n| A B S T R A C T |\n| Understanding the role of NSD proteins in virus-induced cancers could reveal new therapeutic strategies. Targeting NSD proteins may not only disrupt the epigenetic changes triggered by viruses but also help restore normal cellular function. For instance, developing NSD inhibitors could counteract abnormal histone modifications caused by viral infections and slow cancer progression. Our review on the NSD protein family emphasizes its critical role in epigenetic regulation and cancer progression, also in virus-induced cancers. As research on the molecular mechanisms of NSD proteins advances, these proteins are emerging as promising candidates for targeted cancer therapies, particularly in cancers driven by histone modifications and transcriptional dysregulation. |\n\n1. Human papillomaviruse (HPV)  \nHuman Papillomaviruses belong to the Papillomaviridae family. They are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses encased in an icosahedral capsid with a preferential tropism for epithelial tissues [1].  \nTo date, over 200 HPV genotypes have been identified and classified into five genera: alpha, beta, gamma, mu, and nu papillomaviruses, based on their nucleotide sequences. The L1 gene serves as the standard for HPV classification and viruses must differ by at least 10% of their L1 sequence to be considered as distinct types [2,3]. HPVs infect both cutaneous and mucosal epithelial surfaces, with beta, gamma, mu, and nu papillomaviruses primarily exhibiting cutaneous tropism, while alpha papillomaviruses predominantly affecting mucosal tissues [2,4]. Interestingly, even closely related HPV genotypes, despite sharing a high percentage of their genomic sequence, can display different tissue tropisms and be linked to distinct pathologies, as HPV6 and HPV11 that are associated with anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas, respectively [2]. HPV tropism is regulated at multiple levels, including viral gene expression and infectivity, which is influenced by factors such as charge distribution and conformational changes in the capsid [2].  \nDue to their clinical relevance, alpha papillomaviruses are the most extensively studied. This genus includes 64 HPV types that cause mucosal and cutaneous infections. Based on their association with cancer, these HPVs are further classified as low-risk or high-risk types [3]. Low-risk HPVs, such as HPV6 and HPV11, are typically associated  \nwith benign lesions, whereas high-risk HPVs are well-established causative agents of cancer and are responsible for nearly 5% of cancers worldwide [5]. Thirteen high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV56, HPV58, HPV59, HPV66) have been classified as “carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [6, 7]. Among these, HPV16 and HPV18 are the most commonly associated with human cancers, followed by HPV31 and HPV-33 [5,7].  \nThe alpha papillomavirus genome, ranging from 6.8 to 8 kb in length, is organized into three main regions: the early gene-coding region (E), encoding E1, E2, E4-E7; the late gene-coding region (L), encoding the viral capsid proteins L1 and L2; and the long control region (LCR), which regulates viral DNA replication and transcription. E5, E6 and E7 are the main oncogenic proteins in hr-HPVs. E6 and E7 of lr-HPVsand hr-HPVs exhibit differences in their sequences and in the af","cbCaia9rH6sXHXug","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia9rH6sXHXug","pdf",765679,"English","# Abstract\n## Role of NSD proteins in virus-induced cancers\n## Human papillomaviruses (HPV): classification and tropism\n## High-risk vs low-risk HPV and oncogenic mechanisms\n## HPV genome organization and viral oncogenic proteins\n## Pathway dysregulation leading to transformation","[{\"question\":\"What therapeutic potential do NSD proteins offer in virus-induced cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Targeting NSD proteins may disrupt viral-triggered epigenetic changes and restore normal cellular function. NSD inhibitors are proposed to counteract abnormal histone modifications and slow progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How are HPV types classified in the review?\",\"answer\":\"HPV types are classified into five genera (alpha, beta, gamma, mu, nu) based on nucleotide sequences. The L1 gene is used as the standard, and distinct types must differ by at least 10% in the L1 sequence.\"},{\"question\":\"What distinguishes high-risk HPV from low-risk HPV regarding cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Low-risk HPV types are associated mainly with benign lesions, while high-risk HPV types are established causative agents of cancer. High-risk HPV genotypes are described as carcinogenic to humans, with HPV16 and HPV18 among the most common.\"}]","The oncogenic role of the NSD histone methyltransferases in head and neck and cervical cancers - read online free | PDF",1789994639]