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This study developed and evaluated the Occupational Stress Check and Assessment Questionnaire (OSCAQ) to measure workers’ occupational stress levels and workplace risk. 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BMC Public Health (2026) 26:41 BMC Public Health  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24713-w](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24713-w)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nThe Occupational Stress Check   \nand Assessment Questionnaire: development, validity, and reliability  \nHuining Wang 1†, Yanping Zhang 1†, Xiyong Cui 1, Baolong Liu 1, Dongsheng Niu 1, Tenglong Yan 1, Huijie Zhang 1, Luyang Wang 1 and Jue Li 1*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Existing occupational stress questionnaires are mostly based on Western work environments and were generally developed earlier, with insufficient cultural adaptation and incomplete coverage of emerging stressors in Chinese work environments. Their applicability has also been constrained by cultural differences and by the lack of validation in non-Western populations. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument to measure the level of occupational stress among workers and the risk of occupational stress in the workplace.  \nMethod The study was carried out in two stages: questionnaire development and item screening with subsequent questionnaire evaluation. The Occupational Stress Check and Assessment Questionnaire (OSCAQ) was developed based on three classical models: the NIOSH Model of Job Stress, the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) Model, and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model. The initial questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive literature review, reference to existing scales, expert consultation, and a preliminary survey conducted among the target population. During July 2023 to November 2024, a valid sample of 13,019 respondents was collected in Beijing, China, through an online platform. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted on a sample of 6,453 workers to screen questionnaire items and investigate the factorial structure. Validity testing was conducted on a sample of 6,566 workers using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s α coefficients and Spearman-Brown coefficients were used to determine the questionnaire’s internal consistency reliability.  \nResults Through item analysis and EFA, a total of 10 items were removed from the OSCAQ, resulting in a final questionnaire consisting of 75 items. The retained items were categorized into three subscales: work stressors, social support factors, and stress reactions. The work stressors and social support factors were jointly analysed, explaining 66. 99% of the total variance, while the stress reactions were analysed separately, accounting for 64.43% of the  \ntotal variance. A good model fit was indicated by CFA, as evidenced by root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0 . 063, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0 . 908, tucker-lewis index (TLI) = 0 . 905, and standardized root mean  \n†Huining Wang and Yanping Zhang contributed equally to this study and are the first authors.  \n*Correspondence: Jue Li[lijue88@sina.com](lijue88@sina.com)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to","cbCaiqTJWLqDsuaS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqTJWLqDsuaS","pdf",1617584,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Method\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address about existing occupational stress questionnaires?\",\"answer\":\"Existing questionnaires are mainly developed for Western work environments, so they may not fully adapt to Chinese cultural contexts or cover emerging workplace stressors. They also often lack validation in non-Western populations.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the OSCAQ developed and screened?\",\"answer\":\"The study used three classical job stress models (NIOSH, JDCS, ERI) and developed the initial questionnaire through literature review, existing scales, expert consultation, and a preliminary survey. During July 2023 to November 2024, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to screen items.\"},{\"question\":\"What psychometric evidence supports OSCAQ’s reliability and validity?\",\"answer\":\"Confirmatory factor analysis supported construct validity with acceptable model fit indices. Convergent validity was assessed using CR and AVE, discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing correlations with AVE square roots, and internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficients.\"}]","The Occupational Stress Check and Assessment Questionnaire - development, validity, and reliability | PDF",1790701145,33]