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The study developed the Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) using item response theory scaling from a 20-item test, validated through construct comparisons and performance across community and clinical populations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-numeracy-understanding-in-medicine-instrument-a-measure-of-health-numeracy-developed-using-item-response-theory/389622/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-numeracy-understanding-in-medicine-instrument-a-measure-of-health-numeracy-developed-using-item-response-theory/389622.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is health numeracy in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Health numeracy is the ability to understand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables, graphs, probabilities, and statistics to communicate with health-care providers, manage one’s health, and participate in medical decisions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the NUMi developed and scaled?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A 20-item test was built from an item bank of numeracy questions. Items were calibrated using responses from 1000 participants with a 2-parameter item response theory model.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the NUMi measure show about validity and related performance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Construct validity was assessed by comparing NUMi scores with established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. NUMi performance was strongly correlated with several numeracy and cognitive measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},389622,1791312992,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","The Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument: A Measure of Health Numeracy Developed Using Item Response Theory  \nMarilyn M. Schapira, MD, MPH, Cindy M. Walker, PhD, Kevin J. Cappaert, MA, Pamela S. Ganschow, MD, Kathlyn E. Fletcher, MD, MA, Emily L. McGinley, MS, MPH, Sam Del Pozo, MA, Carrie Schauer, BSW, Sergey Tarima, PhD, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, MD, MAPP  \n\n| Background: Health numeracy can be defined as the ability to understand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables and graphs, probabilities, and statistics to effectively communicate with health care providers, take care of one’s health, and participate in medical decisions. Objective: To develop the Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) using item response theory scaling methods. Design: A 20-item test was formed drawing from an item bank of numeracy questions. Items were calibrated using responses from 1000 participants and a 2-parameter item response theory model. Construct validity was assessed by comparing scores on the NUMi to established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. Participants: Community and clinical populations in the Milwaukee and Chicago metropolitan areas. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the 1000 respondents were Hispanic, 24% were non-Hispanic white, and 42% were non-Hispanic black. Forty-one percent had no more than | a high school education. The mean score on the NUMi was 13.2 (s = 4.6) with a Cronbach a of 0.86 . Difficulty and discrimination item response theory parameters of the 20 items ranged from –1.70 to 1.45 and 0.39 to 1.98, respectively. Performance on the NUMi was strongly correlated with the Wide Range Achievement Test–Arithmetic (0.73, P \\ 0.001), the Lipkus Expanded Numeracy Scale (0.69, P \\ 0.001), theMedical Data Interpretation Test (0.75, P \\ 0.001), and the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test (0.82, P \\ 0.001) . Performance was moderately correlated to the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (0.43, P \\ 0.001) . Limitations: The NUMi was found to be most discriminating among respondents with a lower-than-average level of health numeracy. Conclusions: The NUMi can be applied in research and clinical settings as a robust measure of the health numeracy construct. Key words: decision aids; shared decision making; risk communication; risk perception; health literacy. (Med Decis Making 2012;32:851–865) |\n| --- | --- |\n\nReceived 28 May 2011 from the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MMS); Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (CMW, KJC); Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County and Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (PSG, SDP); Department of Medicine, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (KEF); Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (ELM, CS); Institute of Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (ST);Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (EAJ) . This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NCIR01CA115954). The work was presented atthe 2010 annual meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, Toronto, Canada. The REDCap database used in this work was supported by a Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant (1UL1-RR031973-01). The study was funded by the National Cancer Institute. The funder did not have a role in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data. Revision accepted for publication 15 March 2012 .  \nHealth numeracy can be defined as the ability to  \nunderstand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables and graphs, probabilities, and statistics to effectively communicate with healthcare providers, take care of one’s","cbCaikF7hXq2aLr7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikF7hXq2aLr7","pdf",1042543,15,"English","# Background\n## Objective and Design\n## Participants\n## Results\n## Limitations and Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What is health numeracy in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Health numeracy is the ability to understand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables, graphs, probabilities, and statistics to communicate with health-care providers, manage one’s health, and participate in medical decisions.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the NUMi developed and scaled?\",\"answer\":\"A 20-item test was built from an item bank of numeracy questions. Items were calibrated using responses from 1000 participants with a 2-parameter item response theory model.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the NUMi measure show about validity and related performance?\",\"answer\":\"Construct validity was assessed by comparing NUMi scores with established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. NUMi performance was strongly correlated with several numeracy and cognitive measures.\"}]","The Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument - A Measure of Health Numeracy Developed Using Item Response Theory | PDF",1790324588,38]