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Autophagy is a conserved, ubiquitous catabolic process that degrades cellular components and damaged organelles to recycle materials and meet energy demands, particularly under extreme stress. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to thyroid cancer progression, showing bidirectional effects that may act as either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic depending on context. The review summarizes autophagy mechanisms and functions and highlights autophagy-targeted therapeutic strategies as potential drug targets.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-new-insights-into-cancer-progression-autophagy-in-thyroid/376929/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-new-insights-into-cancer-progression-autophagy-in-thyroid/376929.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jake","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How can autophagy affect thyroid cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review explains that dysregulated autophagy is involved in progression and can influence outcomes bidirectionally. 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Journal of Translational Medicine (2023) 21:413  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04265-6](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04265-6)  \nJournal of Translational Medicine  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nThe new insights into cancer progression  \nYu‑Bo Shi 1, Shu‑Yuan Chen 1 and Ren‑Bin Liu 1*  \nautophagy  \nin thyroid  \nAbstract  \nIn recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer keeps growing at a shocking rate, which has aroused increasing concerns worldwide. Autophagy is a fundamental and ubiquitous biological event conserved in mammals including humans. Basically, autophagy is a catabolic process that cellular components including small molecules and damaged organelles are degraded for recycle to meet the energy needs, especially under the extreme conditions. The dysregu‑ lated autophagy has indicated to be involved in thyroid cancer progression. The enhancement of autophagy can lead to autophagic cell death during the degradation while the produced energies can be utilized by the rest ofthe cancerous tissue, thus this influence could be bidirectional, which plays either a tumor‑suppressive or oncogenic role. Accordingly, autophagy can be suppressed by therapeutic agents and is thus regarded as a drug target for thyroid cancer treatments. In the present review, a brief description of autophagy and roles of autophagy in tumor context are given. We have addressed summary of the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in thyroid cancer. Some potential autophagy‑targeted treatments are also summarized. The aim of the review is linking autophagy to thyroid cancer, so as to develop novel approaches to better control cancer progression.  \nKeywords Thyroid cancer, Autophagy, Cancer progression, Autophagy inhibitor, Targeted therapy  \nBackground  \nDespite the fact that thyroid cancer (TC) accounts for 3% of new cancer cases in both males and females, it is the fifth common cancer types (4.9%) in female population, after breast, colorectum, lung and cervix uteri cancer [1]. And the data have been increasing over the years globally [2]. TC is either originated from follicular cells or parafollicular cells (C cells). Based on differentiation profiles, TCis overall divided into well-differentiated TC, poorly-differentiated TC and anaplastic TC (ATC). In differentiated TC, which accounts for 90–95% of all clinical cases and is able to take iodine, it is more subtly divided into papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)  \n*Correspondence: Ren‑Bin Liu [liur@vip.163.com](liur@vip.163.com)  \n1 Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of SunYat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, China  \nand a less common one, the Hurthle cell TC [2, 3]. PTC carries the best prognosis as it barely metastasizes, if any, it is the surrounding cervical lymph nodes, whereas the FTC, Hurthle cell TC and poorly-differentiated TC have tendency of lung or bone metastasis via bloodstream. ATC is totally undifferentiated, so its histological origin is undefined. As ATC grows rapidly, it has a poor prognosis [3, 4]. In contrast, the C cells-derived cancer is called medullary TC, which accounts for 2–4% of all cases and easy to have cervical lymph nodes metastasis [5]. Surgical removal is recommended for the primary lesions. Radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake is one of the most powerful and effective methods to treat metastasized differentiated TC, known as the internal radiotherapy [6]. Up to now, multiple targeted drugs like cabozantinib, vandetanib, sorafenib and lenvatinib have also been introduced into clinical trials or uses for advanced TC [7]. Owing to the multimodality therapies, the mortality rate of TC is declining over the years, in contrast to the rising incidence [8].  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropr","cbCaii3oolXc3B7O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii3oolXc3B7O","pdf",1272104,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Thyroid cancer types and clinical characteristics\n## Current treatments and targeted therapies\n# The overview of autophagy","[{\"question\":\"How can autophagy affect thyroid cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that dysregulated autophagy is involved in progression and can influence outcomes bidirectionally. Enhanced autophagy may lead to autophagic cell death while the resulting energy can also be used by cancer tissue, giving either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic roles.\"}]","The new insights into cancer progression - Autophagy in thyroid | PDF",1790222145,33]