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Prior cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker panels for AD were designed to reflect multiple biological processes. Aim: validate AD-Diagnostic and AD-Differential panels in an independent international cohort to confirm robustness and clinical usability. Method: multiplex PEA immunoassays using Olink Q100; clinical validation included controls, MCI-AD, AD, and non-AD groups (FTD, LBD). Results: AD-Diagnostic discriminated AD from controls with high accuracy; several proteins rose already at MCI. AD-Differential distinguished AD from non-AD, with DDC highest in LBD. Conclusion: consistent cohort results support CSF biomarkers for differential diagnosis and early detection, and for monitoring treatment-related biological change.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-multi-dementia-panel-a-tool-to-biologically-define-alzheimers-disease/459326/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-multi-dementia-panel-a-tool-to-biologically-define-alzheimers-disease/459326.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease challenging in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"AD shares clinical and neuropathological features with other dementias such as frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, making diagnosis difficult.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What assay platform and sample type were used to evaluate the biomarker panels?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) immunoassays were used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with the Olink Q100 instrument.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did the AD-Diagnostic and AD-Differential diagnostic panels perform?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The AD-Diagnostic panel discriminated AD from controls with high accuracy, and several proteins increased already at the MCI stage; the AD-Differential panel distinguished AD from non-AD, with DDC highest in Lewy body disorders.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459326,1790755693,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","DOI: 10. 1002/alz70856_104833  \nBIOMARKERS  \nPOSTER PRESENTATION  \nBIOMARKERS (NON-NEUROIMAGING)  \nThe Multi-Dementia Panel: A Tool to Biologically Define Alzheimer’s Disease  \nYanaikaS. Hok-A-Hin1  Marta del Campo2, 3  David P. Salmon4, 5  Paula Desplats6, 7, 8  Lisanne in ‘t Veld 1  Azzam Aladdin 1  Katharina Douglas R. Galasko4, 5  Charlotte E. Teunissen9  \nBolsewig 1  \n1 Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands  \n2 Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain  \n3 Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain  \n4Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA  \n5 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  \n6 Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  \n7 Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  \n8 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  \n9Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands  \nCorrespondence  \nYanaika S. Hok-A-Hin, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Email:](Email: y.hok-a-hin@amsterdamumc.nl)[ y.hok-a-hin@amsterdamumc.nl](Email: y.hok-a-hin@amsterdamumc.nl)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) shares clinical and neuropathological features with other forms of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), making accurate diagnosis challenging. To improve diagnostic accuracy across diverse neurodegenerative dementias, we previously developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker panels specific to AD. These panels additionally monitor diverse biological processes (e.g., cellular remodeling, protein phosphorylation, exosome assembly, immune system, and vascular function). We aim to further validate our AD-Diagnostic and AD-Differential diagnostic biomarker panels in an independent international cohort to show their robustness and support clinical applicability.  \nMethod: The AD-Diagnostic (ABL1, SDC4, MMP10, ITGB2, CLEC5A, THBD, and SPON2) and AD-Differential diagnostic (ABL1, THOP1, ENO2, ITGB2, DDC, MMP7, and VEGRF3) panels are multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) immunoassays, analyzed using the Olink Q100 instrument. Clinical validation was performed inpatients from the Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and included controls (cognitively unimpaired; n = 109), MCI-AD (n = 43), AD (n = 40), and a non-AD group that included patients with FTD (n = 15) or Lewy body disorders (LBD; n = 22). Result: TheAD-Diagnostic panel showed increased protein concentrations in patients with AD compared to controls (ABL1, SDC4, MMP10, ITGB2, and SPON2) or thenon-AD group (ABL1, ITGB2). Some proteins were already increased at the MCI stage (SDC4, MMP10, ITGB2, SPON2). The AD-Diagnostic panel discriminated AD from controls with high accuracy (AUC = 0. 938, 95%CI: 0.885-0. 992; previous findings: AUCs = 0.96-0. 99). The AD-Differential diagnostic panel showed higher protein concentrations in patients with AD compared to the non-AD group (ABL1, THOP1, ENO2, ITGB2). An exception was DDC, which was highest in LBD. The AD-  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2025 The Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer’s Association.  \nAlzheimer’s Dement. 2025;21(Suppl. 2):e104833.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_104833](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_104833)  \nwi[leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz](leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz)  \n1of2  \nBIOMARKERS  \nDifferential ","cbCaiewAe0xuzHJ7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiewAe0xuzHJ7","pdf",95022,"English","# Abstract\n## Background and aim\n## Method\n## Results\n## Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why is accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease challenging in this study?\",\"answer\":\"AD shares clinical and neuropathological features with other dementias such as frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, making diagnosis difficult.\"},{\"question\":\"What assay platform and sample type were used to evaluate the biomarker panels?\",\"answer\":\"Multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) immunoassays were used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with the Olink Q100 instrument.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the AD-Diagnostic and AD-Differential diagnostic panels perform?\",\"answer\":\"The AD-Diagnostic panel discriminated AD from controls with high accuracy, and several proteins increased already at the MCI stage; the AD-Differential panel distinguished AD from non-AD, with DDC highest in Lewy body disorders.\"}]","The Multi-Dementia Panel - A Tool to Biologically Define Alzheimer’s Disease | PDF"]