[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-347996-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-347996-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","the-modern-era-of-the-1920s-chapter-23","THE MODERN ERA OF THE 1920S - Chapter 23","","A historical overview of the United States in the 1920s, focusing on the end of World War I’s immediate impact, the 1920 presidential election, and Republican dominance in politics and government. It explains the Republican party’s shift toward limited regulation for stabilizing business, then details Warren G. Harding’s cabinet choices, major domestic policies, and his controversial pardon of Eugene Debs. It also covers subsequent scandals, Harding’s death, and Calvin Coolidge’s rise and political style.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-modern-era-of-the-1920s-chapter-23/347996/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-modern-era-of-the-1920s-chapter-23/347996.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-24","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What major change marked the end of the Progressive era idealism by the 1920s?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The text explains that the idealism and activism of the prewar Progressive years were over as public disillusionment increased after the war and Republicans regained control.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How did the election of 1920 reflect the American choice between two Ohio candidates?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The American people voted for president between Governor James Cox and Senator Warren G. Harding. Harding won by a landslide, and the campaign phrase emphasized a “return to normalcy.”",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What were key elements of Harding’s domestic policy and cabinet appointments?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Harding signed measures including a reduction in the income tax, tariff rate increases under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922, and creation of the Bureau of the Budget. He appointed Charles Evans Hughes as secretary of state, Herbert Hoover as secretary of commerce, and Andrew Mellon as secretary of the treasury.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},347996,1790216038,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":117,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":103},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","# THE MODERN ERA OFTHE 1920S\n\nMy candle burns at both ends;It will not last the night;But ah,my foes,and oh,my friends—It gives a lovely light!  \nEdna St.Vincent Millay,\"First Fig,\"1920  \nlhe armistice ending World War I was two years in the past in November1920 when the American people—women as well as men—went to the pollsto cast their votes for president.Their choice was between two men fromOhio:Governor James Cox,a Democrat who urged the adoption of the Leagueof Nations,and Senator Warren G.Harding,a Republican who was unclearabout where he stood on every issue.The only memorable phrase in Harding'scampaign was his assertion that the American people wanted a “return to nor-malcy.”Harding apparently was right,because he was elected by a landslide.It was a sign that the idealism and activism that had characterized the prewaryears of the Progressive era were over.  \n## Republican Control\n\nThrough the 1920s,three Republican presidents would control the executivebranch.Congress too was solidly Republican through a decade in which U.S.business boomed,while farmers and unions struggled.  \n## Business Doctrine\n\nThe great leader of the progressive wing of the Republican party,TheodoreRoosevelt,died in 1919.This loss,combined with public disillusionment overthe war,allowed the return of the old-guard(conservative)Republicans.Unlikethe Republicans of the Gilded Age,however,Republican leadership in the1920s did not preach laissez-faire economics but rather accepted the idea oflimited government regulation as an aid to stabilizing business.The regula-tory commissions established in the Progressive era were now administered byappointees who were more sympathetic to business than to the general public.The prevailing idea of the Republican party was that the nation would benefit ifbusiness and the pursuit of profits took the lead in developing the economy.  \n## The Presidency of Warren Harding\n\nHarding had been a newspaper publisher in Ohio before entering politics.He washandsome and well-liked among the Republican political cronies with whom heregularly played poker.His abilities as a leader,however,were less than presi-dential.When the Republican national convention of 1920 deadlocked,the partybosses decided \"in a smoke-filled room\"to deliver the nomination to Harding asa compromise choice.  \nA Few Good Choices Harding recognized his limitations and hoped tomake up for them by appointing able men to his cabinet.He appointed the formerpresidential candidate and Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes to besecretary of state;the greatly admired former mining engineer and Food Admin-istration leader Herbert Hoover to be secretary of commerce;and the Pittsburghindustrialist and millionaire Andrew Mellon to be secretary of the treasury.Whenthe Chief Justice's seat on the Supreme Court became vacant,Harding filled it byappointing former President William Howard Taft.  \nDomestic Policy Harding did little more than sign into law the measuresadopted by the Republican Congress.He approved (1)a reduction in the incometax,(2)an increase in tariff rates under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of1922,and (3)establishment of the Bureau of the Budget,with procedures for allgovernment expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to reviewand vote on.  \nHarding did surprise many people,particularly his conservative allies,by par-doning and releasing from federal prison Socialist leader Eugene Debs.Debs hadbeen convicted of violating the Espionage Act during World War I.Though inprison,Debs received 920,000 votes in the 1920 presidential election.Harding'sdecision to pardon Deb's was prompted by the president's generous spirit.  \nScandals and Death Curiously,Harding's postwar presidency was markedby scandals and corruption similar to those that had occurred under an earlierpostwar president,Ulysses S.Grant.Having appointed some excellent officials,Harding also selected a number of incompetent and dishonest men to fill importantpositions,incl","cbCaifIzNq8or5YC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifIzNq8or5YC","pdf",6661876,"English","# Republican Control\n## Business Doctrine\n## The Presidency of Warren Harding\n## The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge","[{\"question\":\"What major change marked the end of the Progressive era idealism by the 1920s?\",\"answer\":\"The text explains that the idealism and activism of the prewar Progressive years were over as public disillusionment increased after the war and Republicans regained control.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the election of 1920 reflect the American choice between two Ohio candidates?\",\"answer\":\"The American people voted for president between Governor James Cox and Senator Warren G. Harding. Harding won by a landslide, and the campaign phrase emphasized a “return to normalcy.”\"},{\"question\":\"What were key elements of Harding’s domestic policy and cabinet appointments?\",\"answer\":\"Harding signed measures including a reduction in the income tax, tariff rate increases under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922, and creation of the Bureau of the Budget. He appointed Charles Evans Hughes as secretary of state, Herbert Hoover as secretary of commerce, and Andrew Mellon as secretary of the treasury.\"}]","THE MODERN ERA OF THE 1920S - Chapter 23 | PDF",1790070447]