[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-294050-105":59,"doc-detail-294050-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-mmpi-its-validity-in-assessing-people-with-cfs","The MMPI: Its Validity in Assessing People With CFS","","Examines how the Minnesota Multi-Phase Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) is used to assess personality and psychiatric traits, and why its interpretation can be problematic for people with CFS/ME. Discusses the test’s structure, scales, and validity scores, then explains the design assumption of physical health. Illustrates how physically ill respondents may answer in ways that mimic psychiatric elevations, leading to artificial and inaccurate profiles, and reviews a related findings from arthritis and rheumatism literature.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-mmpi-its-validity-in-assessing-people-with-cfs/294050/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-mmpi-its-validity-in-assessing-people-with-cfs/294050.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why can MMPI results be misleading for people with CFS/ME?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The MMPI is based on an assumption that the person is physically healthy. When CFS/ME involves physical symptoms of unknown origin, truthful answers can be misread as psychiatric elevations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the MMPI structured and scored?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses over 500 true/false items. Answers are scored into one or more scales, producing a profile that summarizes personality information visually.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence does the document cite about MMPI use and somatic diseases?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It references a study noting the MMPI is extensively validated in people with and without psychological disorders, but not in subjects with somatic diseases, and that clinical interpretations may not be valid for rheumatoid arthritis patients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},294050,1790123925,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","The MMPI:  \nIts Validity in Assessing People With CFS  \nFaith E. Hayman, LLB Quest  \nFaith E. Hayman would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Peter Joy, Psychologist, in writing this article.  \nIn 1994, a trial judge in Alberta decided that a woman in her 40’s who claimed damages for injuries sustained as a consequence of a motor vehicle accident, did not suffer from fibromyalgia. Instead, relying heavily on defense experts who interpreted the results of MMPI testing, the trial judge concluded that the plaintiff had an obsessive, compulsive personality with a hysterical conversion disorder. Unfortunately, there was little psychiatric or psychological evidence tendered by the plaintiff to challenge the defense experts.  \nThis decision, Mackie v. Wolfe, reflects a serious problem which people with CFS/ME may face when asked to take psychological tests so that some third party can diagnose or clarify the cause, nature and/or extent of their illness.  \nThe problem lies in the interpretation of the “Minnesota Multi-Phase Inventory”(MMPI), updated in 1989 and called the MMPI-2 . The MMPI is the most frequently used and extensively validated test instrument in clinical psychology. It is also easily subject to misinterpretation when administered to a person who suffers from an illness which is associated with physical symptoms of unknown origin, such as CFS or Fibromyalgia.  \nTo see how, we need to first understand the MMPI’s design and normal usage.  \nWhat is the MMPI?  \nThe MMPI consists of a test booklet with over 500 statements (called “items”) which the person writing the test is required to decide are either true or false, as applied to that person. The test is designed to assess the psychiatric state of the person by eliciting information relevant to the following categories:  \n\n| Scale\u003Cbr>\\# | Name | Description |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Hypochondriasis | Abnormal concern over bodily health |\n| 2 | Depression | Depressed phase of manic depression |\n| 3 | Hysteria | Hysteria or histrionic personality |\n| 4 | Psychopathic Deviate | Characteristics of young delinquents under courtordered assessments |\n| 5 | MasculinityFemininity | Characteristics of gay invert males, soldiers and airline employees |\n| 6 | Paranoia | Paranoid state, paranoid condition, paranoid schizophrenia |\n| 7 | Psychasthenia | Inability to resist maladaptive actions or thoughts (obsessive-compulsive) |\n| 8 | Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia |\n| 9 | Hypomania | Mild to moderate mania (a type of affective disorder characterized by euphoric mood, excessive activity, impaired judgment and sometimes psychotic symptoms, etc. ) |\n| 10 | Social Introversion | Characteristics of high and low-scoring female college students |\n\nIn addition to these categories, the MMPI has a number of “validity” scores which indicate how open and honest the person was in answering the questions.  \nOnce the person completes the test, it is scored by registering each answer in at least one, and sometimes two or three of the above categories. The test results produce what is called a “profile” with a visual summary of important personality information, plotted on an easy-to-read graph. The higher the score in any category, the more prominent those psychiatric traits are thought to exist in the person.  \nWhy is the MMPI so popular?  \nThe MMPI is popular for a number of reasons:  \n􀂃 it is perceived to provide an objective evaluation of an individual’s personality characteristics, symptom patterns and personal attitudes;  \n􀂃 it is easy to administer;  \n􀂃 it is cost effective since it takes very little professional time to obtain the necessary information; and  \n􀂃 the test can be computer scored. There are 6-8 computer programs on the market which assist in the interpretation of various MMPI-2 profiles.  \nCan the MMPI be used to accurately diagnose CFS?  \nThe usefulness of the MMPI in shedding light on a diagnosis of CFS is affected by one major factor: The MMPI is based on the assumptio","cbCailwyfcUqnvYh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailwyfcUqnvYh","pdf",31250,"English","# The MMPI and Its Validity in Assessing People With CFS\n## Background: Legal concerns involving MMPI interpretation\n## What the MMPI is and how it works\n## Why the MMPI is popular\n## Can the MMPI accurately diagnose CFS?\n## Physical-health assumptions and scoring problems","[{\"question\":\"Why can MMPI results be misleading for people with CFS/ME?\",\"answer\":\"The MMPI is based on an assumption that the person is physically healthy. When CFS/ME involves physical symptoms of unknown origin, truthful answers can be misread as psychiatric elevations.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the MMPI structured and scored?\",\"answer\":\"It uses over 500 true/false items. Answers are scored into one or more scales, producing a profile that summarizes personality information visually.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the document cite about MMPI use and somatic diseases?\",\"answer\":\"It references a study noting the MMPI is extensively validated in people with and without psychological disorders, but not in subjects with somatic diseases, and that clinical interpretations may not be valid for rheumatoid arthritis patients.\"}]","The MMPI: Its Validity in Assessing People With CFS | PDF",1789674143,13]