[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-81725-en":3,"doc-seo-81725-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},81725,4810365810221,"Aurora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","The MMM Data Model A Normative Specification for Knowledge Interoperability in a Decentralisable Knowledge Commons","Document-centric information systems limit how knowledge can be structured, updated, shared, and reused, because they emphasize linear, print-optimized units and formal structure over human usability and real research scope. Existing formal approaches and AI-assisted document production still lack a unified, portable knowledge alternative for expression and exchange. MMM is a data model for knowledge documentation with a small set of normative constraints plus flexible free-text labels, enabling cross-discipline interoperability with minimal semantic agreement. A reference implementation and pilot deployment show implementability and early usability.","arXiv :2607 .00032v 3 [ cs .AI] 3 Jul 2026  \nThe MMM Data Model  \nA Normative Specification for Knowledge Interoperability in a Decentralisable  \nKnowledge Commons  \nMathilde Noual 1 ,2[0000−0001−7943−6795]  \n1 Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LIS, Marseille, france  \n2 Centre Européen de sociologie et de sciences politiques (CESSP)  \nUMR8209 . CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne  \nAbstract. Many information systems are built around documents: self-contained units optimised for print production and linear reading. While effective for large-scale dissemination, the document-centric organisation constrains how knowledge can be structured, updated, shared, and reused. Formal approaches address some of these limitations but struggle to achieve widespread contribution and adoption due to their prioritisation of formal structure over other system properties such as human usability and scope. AI systems are reshaping document production, but without providing a unified portable alternative to traditional documents for humans’ expression and exchange of knowledge. This paper presents MMM, a data model for knowledge documentation that emerged from the practical needs of interdisciplinary collaborative research, and positioned here within a comparative analysis of the design space of information systems. MMM combines a small set of normative constraints with the expressive freedom of free-text labels. It is designed for interoperability across disciplines, applications and deployments with minimal semantic agreement requirements. A reference implementation and pilot deployment data demonstrate implementability and early usability.  \nKeywords: Data model · Interoperability · Knowledge Representation · Decentralisation  \n· Digital Commons · Design Space  \n1 Introduction  \nThe technologies through which we capture, structure, and share knowledge reflect different design priorities. Some tend to prioritise flexibility and low-friction entry, allowing users to organise information as they see fit – e.g. personal knowledge management tools like Obsidian and Roam. Some tend to prioritise large-scale collaboration – e.g. OpenStreetMap and Wikipedia. Some tend to prioritise rigorous structure to enable systematic, fine-grained querying and reuse – e.g. relational databases and RDF-based systems. These priorities manifest in what each system requires of its users and contributors, what it forbids, and what it especially facilitates.  \nIn 1945, Vannevar Bush observed a misalignment between prevailing traditional modes of information organisation and how scientific knowledge needs to be produced and used in practice [12] . This misalignment remains relevant in contemporary day-to-day collaborative interdisciplinary scientific research workflows. The comparative framework developed in Section 2 is motivated by these difficulties, and aims to highlight capabilities and design choices that existing systems have already shown to be achievable in practice, as well as the spaces that remain between them.  \nWe have OpenStreetMap for continuously and collectively curating, at planetary scale, a structured corpus of geographic observations and data valuable to many independent systems. We  \nThe MMM Data Model 2  \nhave Wikipedia for collaboratively documenting encyclopedic knowledge in unstructured prose. We have Argument Mapping systems for capturing the epistemic structure of certain discussions. We have the Semantic Web for representing knowledge in machine-friendly forms that can be exchanged and processed across systems. And we have Git for decentralised version control of the documents and code we write together. In 2026, what, if anything, stands in the way of having an OpenStreetMap-like system for documenting and exchanging ideas and general human knowledge?  \nSection 3 introduces MMM, a data model motivated by how researchers interact with evolving knowledge in practice, and informed by combinations of capabilities present in existing systems.  \n2 ","cbCaiho2TCV2Vdil","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiho2TCV2Vdil","pdf",7349210,1,44,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Related Work and Positioning","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the MMM Data Model address?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses constraints of document-centric systems that hinder structuring, updating, sharing, and reusing knowledge, especially in collaborative interdisciplinary research workflows.\"},{\"question\":\"How does MMM combine structure and flexibility?\",\"answer\":\"MMM uses a small set of normative constraints together with expressive freedom from free-text labels, balancing interoperability needs with human usability.\"},{\"question\":\"How is MMM evaluated in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper reports a reference implementation and pilot deployment data to demonstrate implementability and early 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problem does the MMM Data Model address?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It addresses constraints of document-centric systems that hinder structuring, updating, sharing, and reusing knowledge, especially in collaborative interdisciplinary research workflows.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does MMM combine structure and flexibility?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"MMM uses a small set of normative constraints together with expressive freedom from free-text labels, balancing interoperability needs with human usability.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How is MMM evaluated in the paper?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The paper reports a reference implementation and pilot deployment data to demonstrate implementability and early 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