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This study combined network pharmacology with experimental validation to define GIT’s therapeutic efficacy against laryngeal cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Targets were predicted using PharmMapper and GeneCards, then analyzed via interaction networks and functional enrichment. In vitro assays confirmed that GIT inhibits proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion by modulating PI3K-Akt signaling.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-mechanistic-role-of-gitogenin-as-a-treatment-for-laryngeal-cancer-a-network-pharmacology-and-experimental-analysis/407600/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-mechanistic-role-of-gitogenin-as-a-treatment-for-laryngeal-cancer-a-network-pharmacology-and-experimental-analysis/407600.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study on gitogenin and laryngeal cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of gitogenin against laryngeal cancer and the mechanisms by which it acts, using both network pharmacology and experimental validation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were potential targets and pathways identified?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"GIT targets were predicted with PharmMapper, laryngeal cancer-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards, common targets were intersected, and interaction networks and functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify key pathways.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the in vitro experiments show about gitogenin’s effects on laryngeal cancer cells?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Gitogenin inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion by modulating PI3K-Akt signaling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},407600,1790802579,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 17 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fphar.2025.1663323  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nTzu-Hurng Cheng,  \nChina Medical University, Taiwan  \nREVIEWED BY  \nKevinn Eddy,  \nEurofins PSS, United States Baskar Venkidasamy,  \nSri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (SIET), India  \nShanbo Ma,  \nNorthwest University, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nZhangwei Hu,  \n [huzhw9@mail.sysu.edu.cn](huzhw9@mail.sysu.edu.cn)  \nRECEIVED 10 July 2025  \nREVISED 03 December 2025  \nACCEPTED 04 December 2025  \nPUBLISHED 17 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nFu Z, Guan Y and Hu Z (2025) The mechanistic role of gitogenin as a treatment for laryngeal cancer: a network pharmacology and experimental analysis.  \nFront. Pharmacol. 16:1663323 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1663323  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Fu, Guan and Hu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nThe mechanistic role of gitogenin as a treatment for laryngeal cancer: a network pharmacology and experimental analysis  \nZhuo Fu 1, Yue Guan 1 and Zhangwei Hu 2*  \n1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China, 2Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China  \nObjective: Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a significant and persistent therapeutic challenge worldwide. Gitogenin (GIT), a naturally occurring saponin, has demonstrated anticancer activity in lung cancer. However, its potential effects on LC remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of GIT and the mechanisms through which it acts against LC by integrating network pharmacology analysis with experimental validation.  \nMethods: Potential targets of GIT were established using the PharmMapper database, while LC-associated genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Common targets between GIT and LC were determined, and the top 20 genes were chosen for protein-protein and gene-gene interaction (PPI and GGI) network construction. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed to validate how GIT affects LC.  \nResults: A total of 96 putative GIT targets for LC were identified. KEGG enrichment identified the PI3K-Akt axis a key regulatory mechanism. In vitro experiments provided confirmation that GIT inhibited LC cell proliferation, viability, migratory activity, and invasion ability by modulating PI3K-Akt signaling. Conclusion: Using network pharmacology and experimental validation, it was demonstrated that GIT exerts potent anticancer effects on LC by targeting the PI3K-Akt axis. The present findings suggest the potential of GIT for treating LC.  \nKEYWORDS  \ngitogenin, laryngeal cancer, network pharmacology, PI3K-Akt pathway, therapeutic efficacy  \n1 Introduction  \nLaryngeal cancer (LC) is a prevalent malignancy of the head and neck, contributing significantly to cancer-related morbidity and mortality (Anthony and Nicole, 2023) . Approximately half of LC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor survival outcomes (Conor et al., 2016) . Despite advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, therapeutic efficacy remains limited due to functional impairment, drug resistance, and high recurrence rates (Randa et al., 2018; Michael et al., 2021) . Consequently, the search for novel and effective treatment strategies for LC is of major importance.  \nSaponins, a class of amphiphilic compounds derived from plants, have been widely recognized for their diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties (Yu-Pu and Pi-Hui, 2020; Dongdong et al., 2","cbCaibZeyJaTY9UD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibZeyJaTY9UD","pdf",4194134,12,"English","# Objective\n# Methods\n## Target identification and network analysis\n## In vitro experimental validation\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study on gitogenin and laryngeal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"To elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of gitogenin against laryngeal cancer and the mechanisms by which it acts, using both network pharmacology and experimental validation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were potential targets and pathways identified?\",\"answer\":\"GIT targets were predicted with PharmMapper, laryngeal cancer-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards, common targets were intersected, and interaction networks and functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify key pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the in vitro experiments show about gitogenin’s effects on laryngeal cancer cells?\",\"answer\":\"Gitogenin inhibited laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion by modulating PI3K-Akt signaling.\"}]","The mechanistic role of gitogenin as a treatment for laryngeal cancer - a network pharmacology and experimental analysis | PDF",1790574989]