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This mini review focuses on Pin1 (never-in-mitosis kinase-1), a key protein that binds phosphorylated threonine-proline motifs and reshapes protein structure and function. Pin1 supports multiple cancer signaling pathways and modulates tumor suppressors, proline-directed phosphorylation, treatment resistance, and tumor microenvironment changes, highlighting Pin1 inhibitors as potential anticancer strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-mechanisms-of-pin1-as-targets-for-cancer-therapy/331578/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-mechanisms-of-pin1-as-targets-for-cancer-therapy/331578.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does Pin1 play in cancer-related signaling?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Pin1 interacts with phosphorylated threonine-proline motifs and alters protein conformation and function. It enhances multiple signaling pathways in different human cancers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does Pin1 influence tumor suppressors and oncogene activity?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review describes Pin1 as regulating proline-directed phosphorylation and modulating tumor suppressive mechanisms, thereby affecting oncogene up-regulation and tumor suppressor downregulation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why are Pin1 inhibitors considered promising for cancer therapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Pin1 inhibitors, especially naturally occurring substances, are reported to inhibit Pin1’s carcinogenic activity. 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Immunol. 15:1482088 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1482088  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Liu, Dan, Li, Bajinka and Yuan. This isan open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nThe mechanisms of Pin1 as targets for cancer therapy  \nChuanfeng Liu 1, Lingying Dan 2, Quan Li 1, Ousman Bajinka 3 and Xingxing Yuan 4*  \n1 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China, 2 Department of Endocrinology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China, 3School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia, 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China  \nTargeted therapy has considerable promise for the effective eradication of cancer at the primary tumor site prior to subsequent metastasis. Using this therapeutic approach, gaining an understanding of mechanistic cancer models is essential for facilitating the inhibition or suppression of tumor growth. Among different oncogenes and proteins, the protein interacting with never-in-mitosis kinase-1 (Pin1) is particularly important. The interaction between Pin1 and phosphorylated threonine-proline motifs results in significant alterations in protein structure and function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the processes involving Pin1 and its mechanisms in the context of cancer therapy. Pin1 enhances signaling pathways in a number of different human cancers and plays a pivotal role in the suppressive mechanisms relevant to cancer treatment. It is essential for the regulation of proline-directed phosphorylation and for modulating tumor suppressors. Inhibitors of Pin1, particularly naturally occurring substances, have been found to inhibit the carcinogenic activity of Pin1, and consequently this protein could represent an excellent candidate for novel cancer treatment strategies, offering a valuable therapeutic target in carcinogenesis and treatment resistance.  \nKEYWORDS  \nPin1 inhibitor, peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, cis-trans structure, tumorigenesis, proline, anticancer therapy  \nIntroduction  \nProtein interacting with never-in-mitosis kinase-1 (Pin1), a member of the peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family, recognizes and catalyzes the isomerization of proline residues in proline-directed phosphorylation sequences, thereby altering the conformation of target proteins, which subsequently influences their function, stability, and interactions with other proteins (1) . Pin1 isomerase, consisting of 163 amino acids and having a molecular weight of approximately 18 kDa, is encoded by the Pin1 gene located on chromosome 19p13.2 (2) . It plays roles in a range of cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation,  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nproliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, protein folding, transcriptional regulation, nuclear–cytoplasmic distribution, and protein degradation (3–5) . In addition, Pin1 is strongly associated with the Notch, b-catenin, and","cbCaii7uh9gkhvEc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii7uh9gkhvEc","pdf",1341592,"English","# Introduction\n## Pin1 recognition of proline-directed phosphorylation\n## Pin1 expression in cancers and clinical associations\n## Pin1 domains and roles in cancer progression\n## Pin1 regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis-related pathways\n## Implications for drug resistance and therapeutic targeting","[{\"question\":\"What role does Pin1 play in cancer-related signaling?\",\"answer\":\"Pin1 interacts with phosphorylated threonine-proline motifs and alters protein conformation and function. It enhances multiple signaling pathways in different human cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Pin1 influence tumor suppressors and oncogene activity?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes Pin1 as regulating proline-directed phosphorylation and modulating tumor suppressive mechanisms, thereby affecting oncogene up-regulation and tumor suppressor downregulation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are Pin1 inhibitors considered promising for cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Pin1 inhibitors, especially naturally occurring substances, are reported to inhibit Pin1’s carcinogenic activity. Targeting Pin1 may also help address treatment resistance.\"}]","The mechanisms of Pin1 as targets for cancer therapy | PDF",1789994155]