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triumph and growing insecurity  \nSimon Marginson University of Oxford  \nIntroduction  \nHow might we think about that institution called ‘the University’, at home and across the world? Because something like the institution we know is now found in every part of the world, and there are identifiable commonalities everywhere. Are the small quiet foundations of the University in Europe still relevant? What kind of institution has the University become?  \nOne historical example is that of the National University of Ireland. In 1845 the Queen’s College Act established constituent colleges in Cork, Galway and Belfast. In 1851 John Henry Newman was made the first rector of the Catholic University. This University was independent of the coloniser-state, and accordingly it was suborned and marginalised. At first the Catholic University was blocked from granting degrees. However, in 1882 it became University College Dublin (UCD); and in 1908 UCD, Cork and Galway were federated in the National University of Ireland. Then those universities, like their counterparts elsewhere, began their long ascent to the peak of modern society that they now occupy. UCD alone enrolled 33,724 students at last count. It is a global university. And yes, UCD grants degrees. In the most recent year, there were 8,857 awards.  \nYet in a fashion the small beleaguered founding Catholic University of Dublin still resonates. It is still with us. Its influence too is global. In 1852, J.H. Newman, the first rector of the University, delivered the lectures that became The idea of a University. There is no more beautifully written book in the literature on higher education. It still compels us. Newman’s model of the worldwide institution was born in colonised Dublin.  \nThis article discusses the University as an institution in three parts, moving from the abstract to the concrete. The first and longest section begins with the University as a social form or type: what it is, its inner motors, what holds it together; and its outer drivers, what holds it in society. The second section remarks on tendencies in the university in which we now live, the contemporary university. The third and concluding section discusses limits and problems of the University. It is called ‘The insecurities of the University’.  \nThe University as a social form  \nThere is much written about the University as a social form. Yet it can be argued that there are only three great ‘ideas’ of the University. One is Newman’s idea. The second, which preceded Newman in time but is more modern and more important, is the German idea developed by Immanuel Kant and Wilhelm von Humboldt.  \nThe third is theAmerican research university idea,which was the successor to the German idea.The American idea, carried by large-scale science based institutions of social status and power; and normalised by global connections, globally visible exemplars and global rankings; is the dominant model today.  \nThree ideas of the University  \nNewman’s idea and the American idea have each been summarised in a brilliant book. The German idea must be gleaned from a larger body of works and practices. Nevertheless, the German idea is the pivotal moment.  \nvol. 61, no. 1, 2019 The Kantian University Simon Marginson 59  \nA U S T R A L I A N U N I V E R S I T I E S ’ R E V I E W  \nJohn Henry Newman  \nNewman (1982) is obsolete. Yet Newman’s ‘idea’ is ever-present. His invocations against vocational utility, and against research in the University, are no longer persuasive. But Newman did not set himself against knowledge as such. Newman’s pellucid vision of teaching and learning was of personal development immersed in diverse knowledge. He told us that knowledge and truth are not just means but ends.“A University”, says Newman,“taken in its bare idea … has this object and this mission; it contemplates neither moral impression nor mechanical produc","cbCaituAppKo8u4X","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaituAppKo8u4X","pdf",166677,12,"English","# Introduction\n# The University as a social form\n## Three ideas of the University","[{\"question\":\"What is the central question of the introduction?\",\"answer\":\"How to think about the institution called “the University” both at home and across the world, including what kind of institution it has become and whether Europe’s foundations still matter.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article use the National University of Ireland as an example?\",\"answer\":\"It traces key historical steps—from the 1845 Queen’s College Act through the Catholic University and later the formation of University College Dublin and federation—showing how a global university model emerged.\"},{\"question\":\"Which three “ideas” of the university does the article highlight?\",\"answer\":\"Newman’s idea, the German idea developed through Kant and Wilhelm von Humboldt, and the American research university idea that dominates today.\"}]","The Kantian University - Simon Marginson | PDF",1792079930]