[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-639386-105":59,"doc-detail-639386-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-job-demands-resources-model-state-of-the-art","The Job Demands-Resources model - state of the art","","A state-of-the-art research paper overviewing the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and its value for explaining employee well-being. It compares and evaluates the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models, highlighting both their predictive strengths and limitations for well-being outcomes. The paper synthesizes evidence from JD-R studies, clarifies support for core propositions, and describes practical human resource management use through a two-stage assessment approach. It also contrasts negative and positive well-being indicators.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-job-demands-resources-model-state-of-the-art/639386/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-job-demands-resources-model-state-of-the-art/639386.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To provide a state-of-the-art overview of the JD-R model and explain its assumptions and relevance for employee well-being.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper compare JD-R with the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models regarding their predictive value for employee well-being, then introduces the JD-R model as an alternative.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence does the paper review about the JD-R model propositions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It provides an overview of JD-R studies and discusses evidence supporting the model’s main propositions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},639386,1792832783,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at [www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-3946.htm](www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-3946.htm)  \nThe Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art  \nArnold B. Bakker  \nErasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Psychology, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and  \nEvangelia Demerouti  \nUtrecht University, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands  \nAbstract  \nPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to give a state-of-the art overview of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model  \nDesign/methodology/approach – The strengths and weaknesses of the demand-control model and the effort-reward imbalance model regarding their predictive value for employee well being are discussed. The paper then introduces the more exible JD-R model and discusses its basic premises. Findings – The paper provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted with the JD-R model. It discusses evidence for each of the model’s main propositions. The JD-R model can be used asa tool for human resource management. A two-stage approach can highlight the strengths and weaknesses of individuals, work groups, departments, and organizations at large.  \nOriginality/value – This paper challenges existing stress models, and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well being. In addition, it outlines how the JD-R model can be applied toa wide range of occupations, and be used to improve employee well being and performance.  \nKeywords Employees, Employee behaviour, Human resource management Paper type Research paper  \nDuring the past three decades, many studies have shown that job characteristics can have a profound impact on employee well being (e.g. job strain, burnout, work engagement). For example, research has revealed that job demands such as a high work pressure, emotional demands, and role ambiguity may lead to sleeping problems, exhaustion, and impaired health (e.g. Doi, 2005; Halbesleben and Buckley, 2004), whereas job resources such as social support, performance feedback, and autonomy may instigate a motivational process leading to job-related learning, work engagement, and organizational commitment (e.g. Demerouti et al., 2001; Salanova et al., 2005; Taris and Feij, 2004) . Although these previous studies have produced a long list of possible antecedents of employee well being, theoretical progress has been limited. Many studies have either used a laundry-list approach to predict employee well being, or they have relied on one of two in uential job stress models, namely the demand-control model (Karasek, 1979) and the effort-reward imbalance model (Siegrist, 1996) .  \nThe present article outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both models regarding their predictive value for employee well being. We will argue that most research on the demand-control model and the effort-reward imbalance model has been restricted to a given and limited set of predictor variables that may not be relevant for all job  \nThe Job DemandsResources model  \n309  \nReceived June 2006 Revised October 2006 Accepted October 2006  \nJournal of Managerial Psychology Vol. 22 No. 3, 2007  \npp. 309-328 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0268-3946  \nDOI 10.1108/02683940710733115  \nJMP positions. In addition, the vast majority of previous studies have focused on negative  \n22,3 outcoof thimseavariablesrticle is t,oincgliudingve an bournout, ilverviewlohfetahlthe J,anobdDrepetitivemands-eRstrainesourc. Teshe(JcDe-nRt)ralmaoidmel  \n(Demerouti et al., 2001a), which incorporates many possible working conditions, and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well being. The JD-R model can be applied to a wide range of occupations, and can be used to improve  \n310  employee well being and performance.  \nBalance models of employee well being  \nPoint of departure of several models in the occupational health literature is that job ","cbCaijcm6AqETbAX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijcm6AqETbAX","pdf",370211,"English","# Abstract\n# Job Demands-Resources model\n# Balance models of employee well being","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model paper?\",\"answer\":\"To provide a state-of-the-art overview of the JD-R model and explain its assumptions and relevance for employee well-being.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper compare JD-R with the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models regarding their predictive value for employee well-being, then introduces the JD-R model as an alternative.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the paper review about the JD-R model propositions?\",\"answer\":\"It provides an overview of JD-R studies and discusses evidence supporting the model’s main propositions.\"}]","The Job Demands-Resources model - state of the art | PDF",1792703387]