[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592148-105":59,"doc-detail-592148-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-intuitive-eating-scale-development-and-preliminary-validation","The Intuitive Eating Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation","","The article develops and preliminarily validates the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES) measuring intuitive eating attitudes and behaviors. Expert review supports face and content validity, and data from 391 U.S. university students test internal consistency and reliability. Factor analysis isolates four factors: intrinsic eating, extrinsic eating, antidieting, and self-care, with alpha values from .42 to .93. Test-retest after 4 weeks shows correlations from .56 to .87, and theorized demographic and lifestyle links and convergent relations with a related dieting measure support validity. Implications are discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-intuitive-eating-scale-development-and-preliminary-validation/592148/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-intuitive-eating-scale-development-and-preliminary-validation/592148.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was face and content validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale established?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A content domain was clearly specified for Likert-type items, and a panel of experts assessed the validity of each item used in the Intuitive Eating Scale.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What factor structure was found for the IES?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Factor analysis isolated four factors that replicate the intended scale construction: intrinsic eating, extrinsic eating, antidieting, and self-care.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence supports the scale’s validity beyond internal consistency?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study reports correlations between IES scores and theorized demographic and lifestyle variables, and also significant subscale correlations with the Cognitive Behavioral Dieting Scale in predicted directions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592148,1793104245,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","The Intuitive Eating Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation  \nSteven Hawks, Ray M. Merrill, and HalaN. Madanat  \nABSTRACT  \nThis article describes the development and validation of an instrument designed to measure the concept of intuitive eating. To ensure face and content validity for items used in the Likert-type Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), content domain was clearly specified and a panel of experts assessed the validity of each item. Based on responses from 391 university students in the United States, the IES was evaluated for internal consistency and reliability using crosstabulations, factor analysis, test–retest correlation coefficients, and logistic regression techniques. The factor solution isolated four factors that replicated scale construction, including intrinsic eating, extrinsic eating, antidieting, and self-care with alpha coefficients ranging from .42 to .93. Retesting after 4 weeks (N = 285) yielded correlation coefficients that ranged between .56 and .87. The presence of theorized relationships between IES scores and certain demographic and lifestyle variables (obesity, presence of an eating disorder, gender, and restrictive dieting) adds support for concurrent validity. IES subscales also correlated significantly with the Cognitive Behavioral Dieting Scale in predicted directions, suggesting convergent validity. Findings provide tentative support for the use of the IES in identifying intuitive eating attitudes and behaviors among college populations. Implications for practice, theory, and future research are discussed.  \nIn the 1980s an antidieting movement began to take shape based on the assertion that restrained dieting (i.e., controlled meal plans, avoidance of taboo foods, and/or restricted intake of fat grams or calories) isnot sustainable and may contribute to such negative outcomes as weight recycling, altered body composition, heightened fat storage potential, decreased resting metabolism, dysfunctional relationships with food, increased risk of eating disorders, low selfesteem, and an overall sense of failure among dieters (Gast & Hawks, 1998; Hawks & Gast, 1998, 2000) . Proponents of the antidieting movement further argued that many individuals seemed to be capable of achieving a healthy body weight while maintaining an unrestrained relationship  \nwith food that did not include restrictive dieting (Schwartz, 1996) . Informal assessments revealed that for these individuals food intake was based primarily on physical hunger cues, rather than on diet plans, environmental cues, emotional states, or other external factors (Hansen & Goodman, 1999; Podjasek & Carney, 1998). Such individuals came to be referred to as intuitive eaters, and intuitive eating has continued to grow in popularity as an alternative to dieting (Gast & Hawks, 2000; Tribole & Resch, 1996) .  \nIn short, the concept of intuitive eating suggests that all individuals have within themselves a natural mechanism that if allowed to function will ensure good nutrition at a healthy weight (Schwartz, 1996) .  \nAs individuals get in touch with this “inner guide” or access their “inner wisdom” they are more in tune with their body’s physical needs and eat in away that supports health, thinness, and nutrition, while at the sametime avoiding overeating, obsessive food consumption, harmful dieting, or mindless  \nSteven Hawks, EdD, MBA, CHES, is an associate professor in the Department of Health Science at Brigham Young University, 229L Richards Building, Provo, UT 84602; E-mail: [steve_hawks@byu.edu. Ray M. Merrill](steve_hawks@byu.edu. Ray M. Merrill), PhD, MPH, is also a member of the Department of Health Science at Brigham Young University. Hala N. Madanat is a member of the Department of Sociology at Brigham Young University.  \nSteven Hawks, Ray M. Merrill, and HalaN. Madanat  \nnibbling (Tribole & Resch, 1996) .  \nThis concept of intuitive eating has come to include several key attributes (Hansen & Goodman, 1999; Hirschmann & Munter","cbCairLgUSCrFAzs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairLgUSCrFAzs","pdf",170638,"English","# Abstract\n## Scale development and content validity\n## Reliability and factor structure\n## Validity evidence and related measures\n## Historical background and intuitive eating framework","[{\"question\":\"How was face and content validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale established?\",\"answer\":\"A content domain was clearly specified for Likert-type items, and a panel of experts assessed the validity of each item used in the Intuitive Eating Scale.\"},{\"question\":\"What factor structure was found for the IES?\",\"answer\":\"Factor analysis isolated four factors that replicate the intended scale construction: intrinsic eating, extrinsic eating, antidieting, and self-care.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports the scale’s validity beyond internal consistency?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports correlations between IES scores and theorized demographic and lifestyle variables, and also significant subscale correlations with the Cognitive Behavioral Dieting Scale in predicted directions.\"}]","The Intuitive Eating Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation | PDF",1792073959,25]