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Provincial governments with opposing political ideologies can impact international education policy differently. Using narratives as an analytical framework, the analysis identifies themes in Manitoba’s international post-secondary education sector across two administrations, contrasting neoliberal foundations with notable shifts toward austerity, free-market policy, and framing international PSE as immigration-focused. It concludes labour-market and immigration priorities leave other aspects underdeveloped.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-internationalization-of-post-secondary-education-in-manitoba-a-critique-of-two-government-policy-approaches-1999-2021/596935/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-internationalization-of-post-secondary-education-in-manitoba-a-critique-of-two-government-policy-approaches-1999-2021/596935.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Danger Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What conclusion does the paper draw about the current government’s focus?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper concludes that focusing on labour markets and immigration leaves other aspects of internationalization relatively little understood and supported.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},596935,1792188510,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":131,"language":132,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":136,"read_time":137,"preview_page_count":4},962090769052,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","The Internationalization of Post-Secondary Education in Manitoba: A Critique of Two Government Policy Approaches, 1999-2021  \nKimberly Browning1 & Abdelhady Elnagar2 1 University of Winnipeg, 2 University of Manitoba  \nAbstract  \nInternational education has become a policy sector of increasing importance to the Canadian province of Manitoba. Provincial governments with opposing political ideologies can impact international education policy differently. Using narratives as an analytical framework, we identify themes by examining the approaches taken to the international post-secondary education (PSE) sector in Manitoba under the last two governments that held office. The analysis reveals that while both governments’ policies are underpinned by neoliberalism reflecting the economic benefits of international student recruitment and retention, key differences are identified. While cultural diversity and global understanding, policy coordination and collaboration, associated leadership, strategy, and a regulatory framework were important components of international PSE policy, there has been a discernible shift towards an austerity agenda, free market policies, and a reconceptualization of international PSE as an immigration-focused policy. The paper concludes that the current government’s focus on labour markets and immigration when it comes to international PSE means that other aspects of internationalization are little understood and supported.  \nKeywords: Manitoba internationalization of post-secondary education, international students, political ideology, neoliberalism  \nIntroduction  \nNotwithstanding the damaging impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on international student mobility trends that continue to unfold, Canada, until recently, had seen exponential growth in international student enrolment. As of December 31, 2019, Canada’s international student enrolment at all levels of study1 soared to a record high of 638,960 international students (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2020). But as of December 31, 2020, there were 530,540 international students holding Canadian study permits, a 17% decrease from the same point in 2019, and the first decline in Canada’s foreign enrolment in 20 years (International Consultants for Education and Fairs [ICEF] Monitor, 2021).  \nBefore the pandemic struck, Canada’s international student enrolment growth was strong and steady, far surpassing the federal government’s stated goal in its first International Education Strategy, Harnessing our Knowledge Advantage to Drive Innovation and Prosperity (Government of Canada, 2014) of  \n1 All levels of study refer to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s categories of “secondary or less”,“postsecondary”,“other studies” and “study level not stated”.  \nenrolling more than 450,000 international students in Canadian educational institutions by 2022. By 2018, as the government stated in its five-year strategy that commits $148 million with $8 million per year of ongoing funding, Building on Success: International Education Strategy 2019-2024 (Government of Canada, 2019), international students in Canada contributed an estimated $21.6 billion to Canada’s GDP, and in 2016, supported almost 170,000 jobs. In both international education strategies, the federal government promotes an economic rationale for internationalizing education in Canada and quantifies the benefits of recruiting international students as a source of revenue generation, prosperity, and desirable future immigrants. Underpinning the federal government’s international education strategies is the belief that international education is a tradable commodity supported by the refreshed EduCanada brand,“Education au/in Canada”, launched in 2016.  \nIn addition to the federal government’s 2019 International Education Strategy, two other educational organizations released international education strategies further supporting Canada’s intention to advance as a key player in the int","cbCairGv2IaiGkGH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairGv2IaiGkGH","pdf",634262,23,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## COVID-19 impacts on student mobility\n## Federal international education strategies and economic rationale\n## Related strategies from CMEC and CBIE\n## Policy focus and need for comprehensive understanding\n# Internationalization drivers and neoliberal interpretations","[{\"question\":\"What conclusion does the paper draw about the current government’s focus?\",\"answer\":\"The paper concludes that focusing on labour markets and immigration leaves other aspects of internationalization relatively little understood and supported.\"}]","The Internationalization of Post-Secondary Education in Manitoba - A Critique of Two Government Policy Approaches, 1999-2021 | PDF",1792084033,58]