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The text explains the springbok’s appearance, habitat distribution in southern Africa, pronking behavior as an anti-predator warning display, herd structure, and historical migration patterns and their drivers. It also covers courtship behavior, gestation and young-rearing timing, and provides taxonomic classification and notes on regional color or form variations such as the Angolan race.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-international-wildlife-encyclopedia-volume-17-insects-and-reptiles-of-the-world/419004/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-international-wildlife-encyclopedia-volume-17-insects-and-reptiles-of-the-world/419004.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does pronking mean in springbok behavior, and why do they do it?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Pronking is the springbok’s remarkable leap with a curved body and stiff legs, combined with an everted dorsal gland. It serves as an additional warning signal when danger is present.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Where do springbok live, and how far does their range extend?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Springbok live in the Kalahari desert of southwest Africa, extending into Botswana, with presence also reaching the western side of Cape Province and the Orange Free State, though less abundantly than before.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do springbok courtship and reproduction work?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They perform an elaborate courtship pattern within the gazelle group, including the Laufschlag leg-beat where the male positions his foreleg to stimulate the female. Gestation lasts 170 days, with young born in November and December and dependent for about six months.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},419004,1791445793,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","THE INTERNATIONAL  \n# WILDLIFEENCYCLOPEDIA\n\nAN ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY OF ALLTHE ANIMALS,BIRDS,FISH,  \nVOLUME 17  \nINSECTS AND REPTILES OF THE WORLD  \nTHE INTERNATIONAL  \nWILDLIFEENCYCLOPEDIA  \nVOLUME 17  \n# THE INTERNATIONAL\n\nWLDLIFEENCYCLOPEDIA  \nGENERAL EDITORSDr.Maurice BurtonRobert Burton  \nMARSHALL CAVENDISH CORPORATION/NEW YORK  \nCONTENTS  \nSpringbokSpringhareSpringtailSquat lobsterSquidSquirrelfishSquirrel monkeyStarfishStargazerStarlingSteamer duckSteinbokSteppe lemmingStick-insectSticklebackStick-nest ratStifftailStiltStingrayStoat  \nStone curlewStonefishStoneflyStorkStorm petrelSturgeonSugarbirdSumatran hareSun bearSunbirdSunbitternSunfishSuni  \nSurfperch  \nSurgeon fish  \nSuricate  \nSurinam toad  \nSwallow  \nSwallowtail  \nSwallow-tanager  \nSwamp eel  \nSwan  \nSweetfish  \nSwift  \nSwiftlet  \nSwift moth  \nSwordfish  \nSwordtail  \nTachina fly  \nTahr  \nTailor-bird  \nTakahe  \nTakin  \nTamarin  \nTanager  \nTapaculo  \nTapeworm  \nTapir  \nTarantula  \nTardigrade  \nTarpon  \nTarsier  \nTasmanian devil  \nTawny owl  \nTeal  \n## Springbok\n\nThe springbok is a South African gazelle,a beautiful and lively antelope famous foits pronking.It is larger than mostgazelles,standing 30-35 in.high andweighing 65-701b.Typically reddishfawn,it is white underneath with a blackstripe along the flanks separating the fawnfrom the white.The springbok has a mainlwhitish face ivith only a narrow blackstripe through the eye to the nose partlobliterating the typical gazelline face-markings.The horns are ringed andslightly divergent with strongly incurvedtips,and they are smaller in females.From the middie of the back to the rumpis a large pocket-like gland.When theanimal is excited this turns inside outrevealing a broad display of erect,purewhite hairs,which acts as a warning signato others.The frst animal alerted showshese hairs and the signal is taken up andbassed through the ranks.  \nSpringbok live in the Kalahari desertof southwest Africa,extending intoBotswana.They extend also into thewestern side of Cape Province and theOrange Free State,but are no longer asnumerous as they used to be in these areas.  \n## Retreat en masse\n\nThe name springbok comes from their habitof ‘pronking’.This is by no means confinedto this species-indeed,it is found in allgazelles-but the pronk of the springbok ismost remarkable sight.The animal leaps10-12 ft into the air with the body curvedand the legs stiff and close together,point-ing downwards.The head is held low.Thewhole effect is very like bouncing.Generallythe dorsal gland is everted during pronkingnd this acts as an additional warning signalin times of danger.When the enemy,whether leopard,lion,cheetah,or wild dog,has been located and all nearby animalsalerted to it,the whole herd begins to run.With their bodies fully extended,they runow over the ground,like blesbok.  \nSpringbok live in large herds,the socialstructure of which is not well known.Thenerd is probably made up of territorialmales,each with its mixture of females andoung males,as in many gazelles.Their drynabitat means that they must range overvide areas to find sufficient food,whichs mainly grass.  \nMigration a thing of the past  \nWhen they were abundant throughout thevestern region of southern Africa,spring-ok would migrate,in times of drought,across South Africa from the Kalahari,overhe Orange River,to the Cape.The migra-ions were carried out by a massed and con-inuous seething tide of springbok.Otherntelope which could not get out of the wayvould be engulfed and swept along too,vhether they wanted to or not.Betweenhort snatched feeding bouts,the springbokvould press on regardless,those in frontlways being pushed onward by thoseehind,so large-scale mishaps were com-  \nPronking forpleasure:a springbok demonstrates its remarkable pronk,which it does inplay or whenalarmed.On touching the ground again it quickly rebounds,giving the appearance of bouncing.  \nfenced off and divided up,producing thelargely isolated,inbred populations that wesee today.There are still,how","cbCaiqA689nq4VGu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqA689nq4VGu","pdf",36174640,152,"English","# Springbok\n## Retreat en masse\n## Migration a thing of the past\n## Typical gazelle courtship\n## Strange colours","[{\"question\":\"What does pronking mean in springbok behavior, and why do they do it?\",\"answer\":\"Pronking is the springbok’s remarkable leap with a curved body and stiff legs, combined with an everted dorsal gland. It serves as an additional warning signal when danger is present.\"},{\"question\":\"Where do springbok live, and how far does their range extend?\",\"answer\":\"Springbok live in the Kalahari desert of southwest Africa, extending into Botswana, with presence also reaching the western side of Cape Province and the Orange Free State, though less abundantly than before.\"},{\"question\":\"How do springbok courtship and reproduction work?\",\"answer\":\"They perform an elaborate courtship pattern within the gazelle group, including the Laufschlag leg-beat where the male positions his foreleg to stimulate the female. Gestation lasts 170 days, with young born in November and December and dependent for about six months.\"}]","THE INTERNATIONAL WILDLIFEENCYCLOPEDIA - Volume 17 - Insects and Reptiles of the World | PDF",1790615230,234]