[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-461502-105":59,"doc-detail-461502-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-influence-of-par-1-and-endothelin-1-on-the-course-of-specific-kidney-diseases","The Influence of PAR 1 and Endothelin 1 on the Course of Specific Kidney Diseases","","PAR 1 (protease-activated receptor 1) and endothelin 1 were evaluated as biomarkers potentially relevant to kidney diseases. Plasma levels of PAR 1 and endothelin 1 were measured in patients with membranous nephropathy, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, IgA nephropathy, non-IgA glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease, and hemodialysis, compared with healthy controls. Over two years, clinical progress markers were followed and correlations with initial biomarker levels, including anti-PAR1 and anti-ETAR evaluations, were analyzed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-influence-of-par-1-and-endothelin-1-on-the-course-of-specific-kidney-diseases/461502/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-influence-of-par-1-and-endothelin-1-on-the-course-of-specific-kidney-diseases/461502.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pop out","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which kidney diseases were included in the study and how were PAR 1 and endothelin 1 measured?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study measured plasma PAR 1 and endothelin 1 in patients with membranous nephropathy, FSGS, SLE, IgA nephropathy, non-IgA glomerulonephritis, CKD, and hemodialysis, and compared them with a healthy control group.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What clinical outcomes were tracked over two years?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Patients were followed for two years using clinical markers including creatinine, total protein, and albumin levels.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationships were found between PAR 1/endothelin 1 and disease markers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"PAR 1 levels were higher in several kidney disease groups than controls, and PAR 1 correlated with specific lab markers depending on the disease. Endothelin 1 also showed correlations with albumin and/or total protein and creatinine in multiple conditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},461502,1790794420,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090760408,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Article  \nThe Influence of PAR 1 and Endothelin 1 on the Course of Specific Kidney Diseases  \nMaciej Szymczak 1, *, Marcelina Z˙ abi ´nska 2, Katarzyna Ko´scielska-Kasprzak 2, Dorota Bartoszek 2, Harald Heidecke 3, Kai Schulze-Forster 3, Łucja Janek 4, Krzysztof Kujawa 4, Jakub Wronowicz 4, Karolina Marek-Bukowiec 1, Tomasz Goł˛ebiowski 1 and Mirosław Banasik 1  \nAcademic Editor: Anna Di Sessa  \nReceived: 29 November 2025  \nRevised: 24 December 2025  \nAccepted: 25 December 2025  \nPublished: 27 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantation Medicine and Internal Diseases, Institute of Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;  \n[karolina.marek-bukowiec@umw.edu.pl](karolina.marek-bukowiec@umw.edu.pl) (K.M.-B.); [tomasz.golebiowski@umw.edu.pl](tomasz.golebiowski@umw.edu.pl) (T.G.);  \n[miroslaw.banasik@umw.edu.pl](miroslaw.banasik@umw.edu.pl) (M.B.)  \n2 Department of Non-Procedural Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; [marcelina.zabinska@pwr.edu.pl](marcelina.zabinska@pwr.edu.pl) (M.Z˙ .); [katarzyna.koscielska-kasprzak@pwr.edu.pl](katarzyna.koscielska-kasprzak@pwr.edu.pl) (K.K.-K.); [dorota.bartoszek@pwr.edu.pl](dorota.bartoszek@pwr.edu.pl) (D.B.)  \n3 CellTrend Gmbh, Im Biotechnologiepark 3 TGZ II, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany;  \nheidecke@celltrend.de (H.H.); schufo@celltrend.de (K.S.-F.)  \n4 Statistical Analysis Center, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;  \n[lucja.janek@umw.edu.pl](lucja.janek@umw.edu.pl) (Ł.J.); [krzysztof.kujawa@umw.edu.pl](krzysztof.kujawa@umw.edu.pl) (K.K.); [jakub.wronowicz@umw.edu.pl](jakub.wronowicz@umw.edu.pl) (J.W.)  \n* [Correspondence: maciej.szymczak@umw.edu.pl](Correspondence: maciej.szymczak@umw.edu.pl)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: PAR 1 (protease-activated receptor 1) and endothelin 1 are biomarkers that could be of significance in kidney diseases. Methods: We measured the plasma levels of PAR1 and endothelin 1 in patients with membranous nephropathy (n = 19), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (n = 30), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 22), IgA nephropathy (n = 16), mesangial proliferative (non-IgA) glomerulonephritis (n = 7), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 27), and hemodialysis (n = 26), as well as a healthy control group (n = 22) . Then, for two years, we tracked the patients’ clinical progress (creatinine, total protein, and albumin levels) and compared the outcomes with their initial PAR 1 and endothelin 1 levels. Moreover, we checked the correlations between PAR 1 and endothelin 1 and the results of anti-PAR1 and anti-ETAR (endothelin A receptor) evaluations. Results: Membranous nephropathy, FSGS, IgA nephropathy, CKD, and hemodialysis patients had higher PAR 1 levels than the control group. PAR 1 correlated with total protein, albumin in SLE, total protein in IgA nephropathy, and creatinine in CKD. Endothelin 1 correlated with albumin in membranous nephropathy, total protein, albumin, creatinine in FSGS, total protein in IgA nephropathy, total protein, and albumin in CKD. PAR 1 correlated with anti-PAR 1 in FSGS. Anti-ETAR correlated with anti-PAR 1 in membranous nephropathy, FSGS, and IgA nephropathy. Conclusions: PAR 1 levels are elevated in some kidney diseases compared to the healthy population. Both PAR 1 and endothelin 1 are supposed to be related to the clinical course of specific kidney diseases.  \nKeywords: glomerulonephritis; protease-activated receptor 1; endothelin 1; chronic kidney disease; hemodialysis  \n1. Introduction  \nProtease-activated receptor type 1 (PAR 1) is a receptor from the G protein-coupled receptor family [1] that attaches to thrombin [2] . PAR 1 is involved in interactions with  \nserine proteases [3], trypsi","cbCaidXcrrD7k8r9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidXcrrD7k8r9","pdf",7921274,34,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Which kidney diseases were included in the study and how were PAR 1 and endothelin 1 measured?\",\"answer\":\"The study measured plasma PAR 1 and endothelin 1 in patients with membranous nephropathy, FSGS, SLE, IgA nephropathy, non-IgA glomerulonephritis, CKD, and hemodialysis, and compared them with a healthy control group.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical outcomes were tracked over two years?\",\"answer\":\"Patients were followed for two years using clinical markers including creatinine, total protein, and albumin levels.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationships were found between PAR 1/endothelin 1 and disease markers?\",\"answer\":\"PAR 1 levels were higher in several kidney disease groups than controls, and PAR 1 correlated with specific lab markers depending on the disease. Endothelin 1 also showed correlations with albumin and/or total protein and creatinine in multiple conditions.\"}]","The Influence of PAR 1 and Endothelin 1 on the Course of Specific Kidney Diseases | PDF",1790761742,86]