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Compiles words drawn from the Oxford English Dictionary and its Supplement, explaining selection principles and treatment of obsolete or non-naturalized borrowings. Describes the work’s method for presenting word forms, variant spellings, earliest dates, and sense development, along with use of OED abbreviations and phonetic symbols. Also discusses interpretive challenges in determining origin.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-influence-of-low-dutch-on-the-english-vocabulary/495709/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-influence-of-low-dutch-on-the-english-vocabulary/495709.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What sources does the author use to collect the words discussed in the book?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The words are collected from the Oxford English Dictionary and its Supplement, and the author does not use the English Dialect Dictionary.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the book present the main word form and variant spellings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The main word form is the one used by the Oxford English Dictionary to head its article; when necessary, variant spellings are added.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why can it be difficult to determine whether an English word came from Low Dutch?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because English and Low Dutch are closely related: a word may be first recorded in Middle English yet also exist in unrecorded Old English, making origin conclusions uncertain.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},495709,1791344834,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","The Influence of Low Dutch on the English  \nVocabulary  \nE.C. Llewellyn  \nbron  \nE.C. Llewellyn, The Influence of Low Dutch on the English Vocabulary. Oxford University Press,  \nLonden 1936  \nZie voor verantwoording: [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/llew001infl01_01/colofon.php](https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/llew001infl01_01/colofon.php)  \nLet op: boeken en tijdschriftjaargangen die korter dan 140 jaar geleden verschenen zijn, kunnen auteursrechtelijk beschermd zijn. Welke vormen van gebruik zijn toegestaan voor dit werk of delen  \nervan, lees je in de gebruiksvoorwaarden.  \niii  \nIntroduction  \nTHE words treated in this book have been collected from the pages of the Oxford English Dictionary and the Supplement to that work. I have not used the English Dialect Dictionary, as words in dialectal use only do not fall within the scope of my work.  \nI have been as inclusive as possible. Borrowings from Low Dutch that found a place in the English vocabulary for a short time only, and then became obsolete, have been included; words which were never really naturalized, and those recorded but once, have not been excluded. I have found a place for the numerous Low Dutch words which have been borrowed into English in South Africa, North America, the East and West Indies, and Guiana. I have included a few Dutch words, such as ridder and marten, which have passed into English indirectly through French, and conversely many French words, e.g. such verbs as domineer, cashier, and fineer, which have passed into English through Low Dutch. A class of words similar to this last is that of words of Portuguese and Spanish or of native Malay and South African origin borrowed into Dutch, thence passing into English in their Dutch form.  \nI have taken the explanations ofthe meanings ofthe words as given by the Oxford English Dictionary. The form of the word given is always the Main Form, as used by the Oxford English Dictionary to head its article, but when necessary I have added variant spellings. The date of the earliest record is placed in brackets after each word, and where the history of the sense-development is of importance, each sense is preceded by the date of its earliest record. After the date of earliest record I have sometimes added the name of the text or of the author in whose work the word is first found. This I have done only when a knowledge of the place of origin or of the author has a bearing on the Low Dutch influence. Thus, if a word occurs first in the Promptorium Parvulorum, I have always mentioned it, because that work was composed at Lynn in a region where Low Dutch influence was especially strong. Again, it is of importance that we should know if a word occurs first in the books of Caxton, who lived half his life in the Low Countries, or of Evelyn or Fynes Morison, who travelled there, or of Ben Jonson or Gascoigne, who fought there. When the  \nE.C. Llewellyn, The Influence of Low Dutch on the English Vocabulary  \niv  \ndate of a text is really uncertain, I have usually added the name of the text after the presumed date or mere indication of century; at other times I have inserted the first authenticated date from which the word is found. The abbreviations, signs, and phonetic symbols which I have employed are chiefly those used by the Oxford English Dictionary; ad. , adoption of, adaptation of, in the etymologies, has been especially useful because of the great saving of space effected by its employment.  \nI had hoped that a considerable number of words, especially from the earlier volumes, given in the Oxford English Dictionary as of unknown or obscure origin, could have been proved to be of Low Dutch origin. I have found but few words capable of such proof, and at times I have been almost discouraged at being forced so often to agree with the etymologies of the Oxford English Dictionary. Most of my etymologies, then, are practically identical with those proposed by the Oxford English Dictionary, but even when I have had nothing to","cbCaihFG1WjledsA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihFG1WjledsA","pdf",1374923,259,"English","# Introduction\n## Word collection sources and selection scope\n## Word form, variants, and earliest-record dating\n## Etymological verification approach\n## Definition of “Low Dutch” and origin difficulties\n## Scope of historical and economic relations","[{\"question\":\"What sources does the author use to collect the words discussed in the book?\",\"answer\":\"The words are collected from the Oxford English Dictionary and its Supplement, and the author does not use the English Dialect Dictionary.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book present the main word form and variant spellings?\",\"answer\":\"The main word form is the one used by the Oxford English Dictionary to head its article; when necessary, variant spellings are added.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can it be difficult to determine whether an English word came from Low Dutch?\",\"answer\":\"Because English and Low Dutch are closely related: a word may be first recorded in Middle English yet also exist in unrecorded Old English, making origin conclusions uncertain.\"}]","The Influence of Low Dutch on the English Vocabulary | PDF",1790921190,399]