[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-114612-en":3,"doc-seo-114612-105":28,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":89},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":20,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":26,"read_time":27},114612,1099514067415,"Rowan","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502",1,"Story & Novel","The Inexorable Fall - Nicolas D. Villarreal","The book develops two interrelated research tracks to explain capitalism’s economic tradeoffs and the social tendency toward atomization. It links Marxist profit accounting—surplus, constant capital, and variable capital—to Kalecki’s profit equations and the dynamics of investment and depreciation. It also argues that atomization stems from the professionalized state, combining structural marxism with analyses of ideology and totalitarianism to explain how subjects are shaped and why new social ties fail to form.","Nicolas D. Villarreal  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nTo Abaddon, the angel of history  \n[OceanofPDF.com](OceanofPDF.com)  \nContents  \nIntroduction  \nThe Original Thesis  \nThe Capitalist in the 21st Century  \nThe Rate of Profit  \nThe Rate of Capitalist Consumption  \nThe Chinese Encounter  \nOn The Severing of Puppet Strings  \nObjections  \nThe Logic of Capital  \nContra Capital as Abstract Domination  \nContra Capital as a Positive Feedback Loop  \nThe Historical Tendency Towards Atomization  \nDo You Feel Lonely?  \nThe Childish Delusion  \nLiberal Totalitarianism  \nThesis On The Petty Bourgeoisie As A “Revolutionary” Class  \nWhat Ever Happened to Post Liberalism?  \nThe Sum of Material Contradictions  \nSpeculative Social Evolution  \nAppendix A-Chinese Capitalist Consumption  \nAppendix B-Chronology of The Second French Republic  \nAppendix C-Chronology of Tokens, Seals and Writing in Mesopotamia  \nAcknowledgements  \nIntroduction  \nEver since I began reading Marx and thinking about the contradictions of capitalism, I have been struggling to articulate the economic tradeoffs made by societies and the potential for crisis in the most simple and fundamental form possible. I have a natural tendency to overcomplicate things, and apparently I am not the only one, as I quickly became frustrated in reading contemporary political economy theories which did not clarify things and only acted to complexify the situation. [1] Besides these theories, there were of course a dime-a-dozen more shallow ones, or ones which repeated neoclassical dogmas in a radical tone.  \nTwo inter-related research projects therefore began to emerge, one was pure political economy, an attempt to understand, by way of accounting and the most elementary facts about economics, what the secular dynamics of capitalist economies are. I began coding simulations, after mixed results with more sophisticated agent based simulations, I simplified further, and just focused on the national accounting dynamics which explain Marx’s three main categories of value: Surplus, Constant Capital and Variable Capital. This led me to Kalecki’s profit accounting equations and the relationship between surplus, investment and depreciation. Simulating changes in these variables and seeing the consequences was an exercise in understanding the purely nominal categories in the economy, but for the first time I felt I began to understand the terms being employed in economic statistics and the news in real life.  \nThe second project was one that centered around political theory and a sort of sociological research, the problem of social atomization. I had, very early on, recognized that this issue was connected to capitalism in a very fundamental way, but here too I struggled to articulate exactly what this relationship was. It was of course obvious how capitalism undermined traditional social relations as Marx even famously remarked upon in the manifesto, but this didn’t quite solve my problem. Even if capitalism undermined traditional social relations, why weren’t people forming new ones to bring each other together? Why did it seem that people were inexorably drifting apart from one another?  \nIt took three chance encounters for me to come to the conclusions expressed in this book which answered this question. Louis Althusser ’s structural marxism has always been my guiding framework for understanding political and social systems, particularly his theory of the state and ideology. So it was natural that when I read Samuel Huntington’s The Soldier and the State, I recognized in his description of professionalism, the key social innovation which transformed the military officer corps in the 19th century onwards, all the hallmarks of a state ideology. From there, the puzzle became easy to solve once I recognized in Francis Fukuyama’s description of totalitarianism and the social atomization it creates among people the red handed culprit: the professionalized state. Fukuyama of course only alleged thi","cbCaieKF6NmOV2nZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieKF6NmOV2nZ","pdf",7141596,197,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## The Original Thesis\n## The Capitalist in the 21st Century\n## The Rate of Profit\n## The Rate of Capitalist Consumption\n## The Chinese Encounter\n## On The Severing of Puppet Strings\n## Objections\n## The Logic of Capital\n## Contra Capital as Abstract Domination\n## Contra Capital as a Positive Feedback Loop\n## The Historical Tendency Towards Atomization\n## Do You Feel Lonely?\n## The Childish Delusion\n## Liberal Totalitarianism\n## Thesis On The Petty Bourgeoisie As A “Revolutionary” Class\n## What Ever Happened to Post Liberalism?\n## The Sum of Material Contradictions\n## Speculative Social Evolution","[{\"question\":\"What two major contradictions does the book claim form the basis of its “inexorable tendencies”?\",\"answer\":\"It centers on the contradiction between capitalist class consumption and the development of productive forces, and on the contradiction between the professionalization of the state apparatus and its ability to socialize and shape individual subjects.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author connect Marxist categories to economic dynamics in the first research project?\",\"answer\":\"By focusing on national accounting dynamics that explain Marx’s categories of Surplus, Constant Capital, and Variable Capital, then using Kalecki’s profit accounting equations to simulate changes in surplus, investment, and depreciation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author argue that capitalism leads to social atomization?\",\"answer\":\"The author concludes that a “professionalized state” acts as the culprit, linking ideological and totalitarian dynamics to the way people drift apart and fail to form new social 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two major contradictions does the book claim form the basis of its “inexorable tendencies”?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"It centers on the contradiction between capitalist class consumption and the development of productive forces, and on the contradiction between the professionalization of the state apparatus and its ability to socialize and shape individual subjects.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"How does the author connect Marxist categories to economic dynamics in the first research project?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"By focusing on national accounting dynamics that explain Marx’s categories of Surplus, Constant Capital, and Variable Capital, then using Kalecki’s profit accounting equations to simulate changes in surplus, investment, and depreciation.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Why does the author argue that capitalism leads to social atomization?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"The author concludes that a “professionalized state” acts as the 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