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Labor Market Series  \nHuman Capital and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of American Men and Women  \nNeeta Fogg, Paul Harrington, and Ishwar Khatiwada Rhode Island College  \nIrwin Kirsch and Anita Sands ETS  \nTable of Contents  \nPreface ........................................................................................... 1  \nIntroduction .................................................................................. 4  \nFactors Influencing the Labor Force Participation Rate .......... 7  \nLabor Force Participation Among Working-Age Men and Women in the United States ..................................................... 12  \nRegression Analysis of Labor Force Participation among Working-Age Men and Women in the United States ............. 28  \nSome Implications of the Findings ........................................... 41  \nAppendices .................................................................................. 55  \nAppendix A: Cut Scores and Task Descriptions of PIAAC Literacy and Proficiency Levels ......................................... 55  \nAppendix B: Definitions of Variables in Labor Force Participation Regression .......................................................... 58  \nAppendix C: Estimated Regression Coefficients and Standard Errors of Each Regression Model ............................. 62  \nAppendix D: PIAAC and CPS Labor Force Measures....... 68  \nAbout the Authors ...................................................................... 69  \nEndotes ........................................................................................ 72  \nThis report was written by:  \nNeeta Fogg Paul Harrington Ishwar Khatiwada Irwin Kirsch Anita Sands  \nThe views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the officers and trustees of Educational Testing Service.  \nCopyright © 2023 by ETS. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of ETS. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  \nApril 2023  \nETS Center for Research on Human Capital and Education  \nResearch and Development Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road  \nPrinceton, NJ 08541-0001 Suggested citation:  \nNeeta Fogg, Paul Harrington, Ishwar Khatiwada, and Irwin Kirsch, Anita Sands. Human Capital and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of American Men and Women, The Impact of Human Capital in the American Labor Market Series (Princeton, NJ:  \nEducational Testing Service, 2023) .  \nPreface  \nThis report, the seventh in a series of policy reports published by ETS that explore the impact of foundational skills on American labor markets, focuses on the role of foundational skills in adults' decisions to engage in the world of work. The earlier studies in this series reveal the essential role that human capital traits of foundational skills, educational attainment, and work experience play in almost every dimension of labor market success. Taken together, this series of studies finds very strong earnings advantages to literacy and numeracy skills, even after accounting for educational attainment and work experience, two very important proxy measures of ability that are valued in the labor market. These gains to skills prevailed in full-time and part-time work for teens and young adults, prime-aged and older workers, and high school dropouts and college graduates. In addition to earnings, skills have positive effects on employment stability, employment intensity, and reduce the chances of unemployment as well the duration of a spell of unemployment. The present study finds that skills influence the most basic labor market outcome: the likelihood of engaging in paid work.  \nA nation's labor force is the fundamental source of its economic prosperity. The pace of long-term economic growth is largely determined by the quantity and quality of the nation's labor force. Foundational skills influence the labor forc","cbCaijzMUGUBTSWu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijzMUGUBTSWu","pdf",6491629,"English","# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Factors Influencing the Labor Force Participation Rate\n# Labor Force Participation Among Working-Age Men and Women in the United States\n# Regression Analysis of Labor Force Participation among Working-Age Men and Women in the United States\n# Some Implications of the Findings\n# Appendices\n## Appendix A: Cut Scores and Task Descriptions of PIAAC Literacy and Proficiency Levels\n## Appendix B: Definitions of Variables in Labor Force Participation Regression\n## Appendix C: Estimated Regression Coefficients and Standard Errors of Each Regression Model\n## Appendix D: PIAAC and CPS Labor Force Measures","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of this ETS report?\",\"answer\":\"The report focuses on how foundational skills affect adults’ decisions to engage in paid work, treating labor force participation as the most basic labor-market outcome.\"},{\"question\":\"How do literacy and numeracy skills relate to labor force participation?\",\"answer\":\"Higher literacy and numeracy skills are positively associated with labor force participation for both men and women, with a stronger influence for women.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings imply about the difference between men and women?\",\"answer\":\"The association between skills and participation is stronger for women, and educational attainment shows a stronger relationship with participation for women as well.\"}]","The Impact of Human Capital in the American Labor Market Series - Human Capital and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of American Men and Women | PDF",1792049167,202]