[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-272058-105":59,"doc-detail-272058-en":135},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":128,"head_meta":130,"extra_data":132,"updated_unix":134},105,"en","the-impact-of-galaxy-mergers-on-planes-of-satellite-galaxies-dissertation","The Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Planes of Satellite Galaxies - Dissertation","","Highly flattened, co-rotating planes of dwarf satellite galaxies observed around the Milky Way, M31, and Centaurus A motivate a merger-driven imprinting of angular momentum. This dissertation examines how major mergers between M31 and Centaurus A-like dark matter haloes influence satellite phase-space correlations using IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. Results indicate negligible effects for mass ratios 1:3 or above at present time, because post-merger accretion and stripping reduce merger signatures. Considering only satellites that fully participate in mergers, strongly flattened systems with c/a \u003C 0.3 are inhibited.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-impact-of-galaxy-mergers-on-planes-of-satellite-galaxies-dissertation/272058/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-impact-of-galaxy-mergers-on-planes-of-satellite-galaxies-dissertation/272058.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Terk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What question does the dissertation address about satellite galaxy planes?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It tests whether host-galaxy mergers imprint angular momentum that can form or maintain flattened, co-rotating satellite planes in a full cosmological context.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which simulation framework is used to study merger effects?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study uses IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic cosmological simulations to model mergers and satellite populations around Milky Way-analog environments.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What is the main finding for major mergers with mass ratios 1:3 or larger?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Such mergers generally have a negligible impact on the phase-space correlation of the most massive satellites at present time, because new satellite accretion and stripping wash out merger signatures.",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"Under what condition do mergers appear to prevent highly flattened satellite systems?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"When considering only satellites that participated for the full duration of a merger, mergers prevent the formation of highly flattened systems with minor-to-major axis ratios c/a \u003C 0.3.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},272058,1789462965,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":144,"language":145,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":146,"faqs":147,"seo_title":148,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":134,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","The Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Planes of Satellite Galaxies  \n– Dissertation –  \nMPhys Physics with Astronomy  \nKosuke Kanehisa  \nNovember 2021  \nStudent ID: 6406042  \nSupervisor: Dr. Marcel Pawlowski  \nUniversity of Surrey  \nFaculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences Department of Physics  \nGuildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom  \nDeclaration:  \nThis dissertation and the work to which it refers are the results of my own efforts. Any ideas, data, images or text resulting from the work of others (whether published or unpublished) are fully identified as such within the work and attributed to their originator in the text, bibliography or in footnotes. This dissertation has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other academic degree or professional qualification. I agree that the University has the right to submit my work to the plagiarism detection service TurnitinUK for originality checks. I own the copyrights.  \nAbstract  \nHighly flattened and co-rotating planes of dwarf satellite galaxies have been observed around the Milky Way, M31, and Centaurus A in the Local Volume. The imprinting of angular momentum from host galaxy mergers has been raised as a potential formation mechanism for satellite planes. I investigate the effects of major mergerson M31 and Centaurus A-like dark matter haloes for the first time in a full cosmological context, using the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. Recent mergers with mass ratios of 1:3 or above generally have a negligible impact on the phase-space correlation of the most massive satellites at present time. The post-merger accretion of new satellites is responsible for washing out the effects of mergers. Furthermore, satellites that participated in a merger are stripped of mass and removed from the sample of the most massive satellites. This process reduces the merger’s influence on the full present-day satellite distribution to a minimal degree after 2 − 5 Gyr. When solely considering satellites that participated in the full duration of a merger, mergers appear to prevent the formation of highly flattened satellite systems with minor-to-major axis ratios of c/a \u003C 0.3. The radial extents of satellite distributions are reduced post-merger due to tidal disruption and subsequent infall, resulting in lower plane heights but near-constant axis ratios. Major mergers are unlikely to form correlated planes of (primordial) satellite galaxies in a full cosmological context.  \nAcknowledgments  \nForemost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Marcel Pawlowski, for giving me the opportunity to pursue my dream career in astrophysics. Your encouragement and guidance over the past year has been invaluable, and your unwavering support throughout the difficulties of studying abroad and the exceptional work environment during the pandemic has made all the difference.  \nI would also like to thank the experts who were extremely helpful in my Master’s placement: Dr. Oliver M¨uller, for his insightful advice and help regarding various aspects of this research, and Dr. Michelle Collins, for her support throughout my time at Surrey and abroad.  \nTo my good friend Will: thank you for always being there, and for bearing with me on long tangents about my research. Our long calls and game nights gave me a sense of normality in this tough year.  \nFinally, I must express my unending gratitude to my parents, who have supported and encouraged me every step of the way. Thank you for always believing in me and pushing me forward – this achievement wouldn’t have been possible without you.  \nContents  \nList of Figures v  \nList of Tables vii  \nList of Abbreviations viii  \n1 Introduction 1  \n1.1 Planes of Satellite Galaxies ........................ 2  \n1.2 Satellites in a Cold Dark Matter Cosmology .............. 4  \n1.3 Cosmological Simulations ......................... 5  \n1.4 Suggested Solutions ............................ 7  \n1.5 Mergers as a Formation Mechanism ............","cbCaihWI7lxpOOQo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihWI7lxpOOQo","pdf",1652338,78,"English","# Introduction\n## Planes of Satellite Galaxies\n## Satellites in a Cold Dark Matter Cosmology\n## Cosmological Simulations\n## Suggested Solutions\n## Mergers as a Formation Mechanism\n## Study Outline\n# Systems at Present Time\n## The IllustrisTNG Simulation\n## Sampling Systems\n## Methods for Measuring Correlation\n## Correlation in Sampled Systems\n# Comparisons With Merger History\n## Classifying Merger History\n## Impact on Satellite Distributions\n## Tracking Merger Trajectories\n## Trajectories and Satellite Correlation\n# Satellite Merger Participation\n## Participation In Sampled Systems\n## Spatial Distribution of Participant Satellites\n## Impact on Orbital Correlation\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What question does the dissertation address about satellite galaxy planes?\",\"answer\":\"It tests whether host-galaxy mergers imprint angular momentum that can form or maintain flattened, co-rotating satellite planes in a full cosmological context.\"},{\"question\":\"Which simulation framework is used to study merger effects?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses IllustrisTNG hydrodynamic cosmological simulations to model mergers and satellite populations around Milky Way-analog environments.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main finding for major mergers with mass ratios 1:3 or larger?\",\"answer\":\"Such mergers generally have a negligible impact on the phase-space correlation of the most massive satellites at present time, because new satellite accretion and stripping wash out merger signatures.\"},{\"question\":\"Under what condition do mergers appear to prevent highly flattened satellite systems?\",\"answer\":\"When considering only satellites that participated for the full duration of a merger, mergers prevent the formation of highly flattened systems with minor-to-major axis ratios c/a \\u003c 0.3.\"}]","The Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Planes of Satellite Galaxies - Dissertation | PDF",197]