[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-579527-105":59,"doc-detail-579527-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-impact-of-covid-19-on-sign-language-assessment","The Impact of COVID-19 on Sign Language Assessment","","The study examined, via an online survey, how sign language practitioners changed sign language assessment practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey ran from October 2021 to December 2022, used five sections and 29 questions, and included 20 professionals from diverse countries. Results show increased online testing, reduced assessment of interaction and reception, narrower assessment purposes with more emphasis on assessment for learning, and greater reliance on tools such as video conferencing.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-sign-language-assessment/579527/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-sign-language-assessment/579527.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did practitioners change sign language assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study reports a sharp increase in online testing, along with reduced testing of sign language interaction and reception.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What online tools and technical requirements were highlighted for remote sign language testing?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Video conferencing and reliable internet connection, plus access to appropriate hardware for test takers, were identified as essential.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What measures did professionals use to minimize cheating in online sign language exams?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Reported measures included live video monitoring during exams and the use of proctoring software.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},579527,1792568221,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Language Education & Assessment  \nISSN 2209-0959  \n[https://www.castledown.com/journals/lea/](https://www.castledown.com/journals/lea/)  \nLanguage Education & Assessment, 7(1), 1–18 (2024) [https://doi.org/10.29140/lea.v7n1.1316](https://doi.org/10.29140/lea.v7n1.1316)  \nThe Impact of COVID-19 on Sign Language Assessment  \nTOBIAS HAUGa FRANZ HOLZKNECHTa WOLFGANG MANNb  \na University of Teacher Education in Special Needs, Zurich, Switzerland [tobias.haug@hfh.ch](tobias.haug@hfh.ch); franz.holzknecht@hfh.ch  \nb University of Cologne, Germany  \n[wmann@uni-koeln.de](wmann@uni-koeln.de)  \nAbstract  \nThis study investigated through an online survey how sign language practitioners changed their sign language assessment practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey consisted of five sections and 29 questions overall. It was provided in written English and German as well as in International Sign and was administered online between October 2021 and December 2022. Twenty sign language testing professionals from a wide variety of countries participated in the survey. The results indicate a sharp increase of online testing during the pandemic, a decrease in the testing of sign language interaction and reception, a decline in the variety of testing purposes with a stronger focus on assessment for learning, and a shift to the use of more online tools such as video conferencing. Additionally, the results show that the home set-up of test takers, including reliable internet connection and access to appropriate hardware, are essential for online sign language testing. Sign language testing professionals reported different measures that were introduced to minimize cheating, such as live video monitoring during sign language exams or the implementation of proctoring software. The paper finishes with recommendations for future sign language assessment.  \nKeywords: sign language testing during COVID-19, remote sign language testing, online sign language testing  \nCopyright: © 2024 Haug, Holzknecht, Mann. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData Availability Statement: All relevant data are within this paper.  \nIntroduction  \nThe health security measures that governments worldwide had to implement during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing or lockdowns, affected all of us at different levels in our personal and professional lives. In the educational sector, various countries implemented different measures to reduce the spread of the virus. For instance, in some countries, primary and secondary schools were closed only during the initial lockdown (e.g., Switzerland), while tertiary education transitioned entirely to online teaching and assessment during lockdowns in others (e.g., Bangladesh; Haque & Hossain, 2022) .  \nWhile numerous studies have been published during and after the pandemic related to online teaching and assessment in education in general, as well as language testing more specifically, very few studies are available on how the pandemic influenced language testing practices in sign language education. This study aimed to document changes in sign language assessment practices during the pandemic and draw insights for future assessment scenarios.  \nLiterature Review  \nIn the following sections, we will provide a brief overview of studies related to (1) opportunities and (2) challenges of online testing in higher education and language testing, (3) test security and (4) formats oftest delivery in online testing, and (5) the impact of online test delivery on the assessment of deaf and hard-of-hearing children.  \nOpportunities of Online Testing During the Pandemic  \nAlthough the rapid transition to online teaching and testing presented numerous challenges (discussed below), it also offered va","cbCaifbmevFP61Pd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifbmevFP61Pd","pdf",399917,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Opportunities of Online Testing During the Pandemic\n## Challenges of Online Testing During the Pandemic","[{\"question\":\"How did practitioners change sign language assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports a sharp increase in online testing, along with reduced testing of sign language interaction and reception.\"},{\"question\":\"What online tools and technical requirements were highlighted for remote sign language testing?\",\"answer\":\"Video conferencing and reliable internet connection, plus access to appropriate hardware for test takers, were identified as essential.\"},{\"question\":\"What measures did professionals use to minimize cheating in online sign language exams?\",\"answer\":\"Reported measures included live video monitoring during exams and the use of proctoring software.\"}]","The Impact of COVID-19 on Sign Language Assessment | PDF",1792035806,45]