[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-380219-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-380219-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-human-microbiome-and-cancer-a-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-perspective","The human microbiome and cancer - a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective","","Recent evidence links the human microbiome to cancer, with salivary microbiome, fecal microbiome, and circulating microbial DNA in blood plasma studied as experimental diagnostic biomarkers across multiple cancer types. Microbes within local tissues, distant regions, and tumors can both promote and restrict cancer development and progression by modulating cancer cells and the host immune system. These microbes also influence the efficacy of radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-human-microbiome-and-cancer-a-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-perspective/380219/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-human-microbiome-and-cancer-a-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-perspective/380219.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How is the human microbiome used for cancer diagnostics?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Salivary microbiome, fecal microbiome, and circulating microbial DNA in blood plasma have been used experimentally as diagnostic biomarkers for many cancer types.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do microbes influence cancer development and progression?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Microbes present in tissues, other regions, and tumors can promote or restrict cancer by affecting cancer cells and the host immune system.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What role do microbes play in cancer therapy outcomes?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Microbes can impact the efficacy of radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, affecting how well these treatments work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},380219,1790330958,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","REVIEW  \nThe human microbiome and cancer: a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective  \nShruthi Kandalaia,b, Huapeng Lic, Nan Zhanga,b, Haidong Penga,b, and Qingfei Zheng a,b,c,d  \naDepartment of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; bCenter for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; cMolecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; dDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA  \nABSTRACT  \nRecent evidence has shown that the human microbiome is associated with various diseases, including cancer. The salivary microbiome, fecal microbiome, and circulating microbial DNA in blood plasma have all been used experimentally as diagnostic biomarkers for many types of cancer. The microbiomes present within local tissue, other regions, and tumors themselves have been shown to promote and restrict the development and progression of cancer, most often by affecting cancer cells or the host immune system. These microbes have also been shown to impact the efficacy of various cancer therapies, including radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we review the research advances focused on how microbes impact these different facets and why they are important to the clinical care of cancer. It is only by better understanding the roles these microbes play in the diagnosis, development, progression, and treatment of cancer, that we will be able to catch and treat cancer early.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 15 May 2023 Revised 9 July 2023 Accepted 19 July 2023  \nKEYWORDS  \nhuman microbiome; cancer diagnostics;  \ncancer development;  \ncancer therapy; immune response  \nIntroduction  \nThe human microbiome contains a diverse set of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea that exist on and within the human body. It has been estimated that the humanassociated bacteria alone outnumber human cells in the body. 1 While the majority of these microbes may not directly harm humans, they can have significant effects on human health. Though it has been estimated that there are trillions of organisms in the human microbiome, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) currently designates only 11 as being directly carcinogenic (Group 1 carcinogens) to humans.2 These 11 organisms include one species of bacteria (Heliobacter pylori), seven species of viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Kaposi sarcoma virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1, human papillomaviruses, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus), and three species of parasitic worms (Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and Schistosoma haematobium) and together, are responsible for about 2.2 million cancer cases annually worldwide.2 The IARC has further categorized other microbes, such as protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum and multiple polyomaviruses, as being probably carcinogenic (Group 2A) or possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B)3, as the current data is insufficient to show that these are directly carcinogenic. The IARC is also currently evaluating additional microbes for their carcinogenicity, including bacterium Salmonella typhi and its association with gallbladder cancer, human cytomegalovirus with multiple cancer types, parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni with multiple cancer types, hepatitis D virus with liver cancer, and parasitic worm Opisthorchis felineus with bile duct cancer.4  \nWhile the IARC mostly focuses on categorizing agents that directly cause cancer, many more have been shown to indirectly cause cancer. It is for this reason that studying the normal microbial flora (Figure 1) of different regions and how dysbiosis may occur is imperative to better understanding how microbes affect cancer. This is also reflected in the recent addition of polymorphic microbes as an enabling characteristic in ","cbCaip1tEDcP6UqE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip1tEDcP6UqE","pdf",1560312,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Microbial diversity and cancer relevance\n## IARC carcinogen classifications\n## Dysbiosis, hallmarks of cancer, and gut microbiome\n## Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli\n## Tumor microbiome and immune evasion","[{\"question\":\"How is the human microbiome used for cancer diagnostics?\",\"answer\":\"Salivary microbiome, fecal microbiome, and circulating microbial DNA in blood plasma have been used experimentally as diagnostic biomarkers for many cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"How do microbes influence cancer development and progression?\",\"answer\":\"Microbes present in tissues, other regions, and tumors can promote or restrict cancer by affecting cancer cells and the host immune system.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do microbes play in cancer therapy outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Microbes can impact the efficacy of radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, affecting how well these treatments work.\"}]","The human microbiome and cancer - a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective | PDF",1790239265,45]