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The article then connects Marmot’s clinician-focused action steps to practical strategies for addressing housing-related social risks through health 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Social Determinants of Health | Article 4 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2023\u003Cbr>The Housing Gap: Understanding the Role of Clinicians and Health Systems to Address Determinants of Health\u003Cbr>Kierra S. Barnett\u003Cbr>The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, [kierra.barnett@nationwidechildrens.org](kierra.barnett@nationwidechildrens.org)\u003Cbr>Brittany M. Mosley\u003Cbr>The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, [Brittany.Mosley@nationwidechildrens.org](Brittany.Mosley@nationwidechildrens.org)\u003Cbr>[Kelly J. Kelleher](Kelly J. Kelleher)\u003Cbr>The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, [Kelly.Kelleher@nationwidechildrens.org](Kelly.Kelleher@nationwidechildrens.org)\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk](https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk) |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nBarnett, Kierra S.; Mosley, Brittany M.; and Kelleher, Kelly J. (2023) \"The Housing Gap: Understanding the Role of Clinicians and Health Systems to Address Determinants of Health,\" Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 14: Iss. 2, Article 4.  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.58464/2155-5834.1517](https://doi.org/10.58464/2155-5834.1517)  \nAvailable at: [https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/4](https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss2/4)  \nThe Journal of Applied Research on Children is brought to you for free and open access by CHILDREN AT RISK at DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. It has a \"cc by-nc-nd\" Creative Commons license\" (Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives) For more information, please [contact](contact digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu)[ digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu](contact digitalcommons@exch.library.tmc.edu)  \nThe social determinants of health, defined as the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, and age,1 play a significant role in both individual and population-level health outcomes.2 The impact of social determinants can be observed through the social gradient in health , which describes an inverse relationship between one’s socioeconomic status (SES ) and health status , i.e. , those with less advantage experience the worst health outcomes.3 In 2017, Marmot built on these facts , issuing a call for clinicians to get more involved in addressing the social health gradient directly to reduce inequities.4 In his call, Marmot shares a parody of health tips to emphasize the systemic influence and/or difficulty at the individual level to improve/address the factors that we know contribute to population and individual health. Since that time, further evidence on the role of particular social risks like inadequate housing has emerged , as have early efforts among clinicians and healthcare systems to address these social risks.  \nHere, we address the health tip from that early article,“Don’t live in damp, low quality housing or be homeless.” We begin by briefly reviewing the effects of housing as a determinant of health and then discuss Marmot’s action steps in more detail with direct attention to housing for children and  \nfamilies.  \nSocial Gradient and Social Risks: Housing as a Determinant of Health  \nHousing is a fundamental need and essential to the health and well-being of all people. Research documenting the importance of housing as a social determinant is wide ranging and abundant , highlighting its impact on a range of outcomes from education , socioeconomic status, and health outcomes throughout the life course.5,6 Health outcomes are affected by housing through four pathways: (1) neighborhood characteristics , (2) housing conditions and quality, (3) housing stability , and (4) housing affordability.6-9 Neighborhood characteristics focus on the social (i.e. , community-level poverty or incar","cbCainlNSfCUN3yY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainlNSfCUN3yY","pdf",304086,16,"English","# Social Gradient and Social Risks: Housing as a Determinant of Health\n## Housing as a fundamental need\n## Four pathways: neighborhood characteristics, housing quality, stability, affordability\n## Housing conditions and quality\n## Housing instability\n## Housing affordability","[{\"question\":\"What is the article’s central focus?\",\"answer\":\"The article focuses on the housing gap and how clinicians and health systems can address housing-related social determinants that affect children’s health.\"},{\"question\":\"Through which pathways does housing influence health in the article?\",\"answer\":\"Housing affects health through four pathways: neighborhood characteristics, housing conditions and quality, housing stability, and housing affordability.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article say about housing conditions and quality for children?\",\"answer\":\"It links poor housing conditions such as mold, toxins (including lead), poor indoor air, pest infestation, and plumbing problems to negative health outcomes, with heightened risk among children.\"}]","The Housing Gap - Understanding the Role of Clinicians and Health Systems to Address Determinants of Health | PDF",1792034353]