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The narrative follows the evolution of union and related organizations from early associations through major strikes, interstate agreements, and wartime wage changes, highlighting the expansion and opposition that shaped outcomes through the early twentieth century.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-history-and-progress-of-the-united-mine-workers-of-america-by-william-albert-mcconagha-1926/325487/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-history-and-progress-of-the-united-mine-workers-of-america-by-william-albert-mcconagha-1926/325487.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Noah","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How did the coal industry’s yearly working time affect miners’ income?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Although 308 days make up a full year, miners averaged only about 213 working days. This “broken year” meant that even an adequate daily wage became an inadequate annual income.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What economic and market forces are described as driving miners’ conditions?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The text attributes conditions partly to business depressions but chiefly to over-development of the industry, largely caused by the fluctuating character of the coal market.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the key objectives of the United Mine Workers’ initial program?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The initial program aimed to secure anti-screen laws, a uniform wage scale, and the eight-hour day, with attempts largely unsuccessful except for efforts that led to the abolition of 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\nThe history…United MineWorkers of America  \nUrbana,IⅢ.  \n1926  \n# COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION          BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET          \n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nReproductions may not be made without permission trom Columbia University Lbraries                  \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nREDUCTION RATIO:            1/'1  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA(  \nDATE FILMED:          5/0197  \nINITIALS:                TM  \nTRACKING\\#:                                                                                              e3K2  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n# THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OFTHE UNITED MINE WORKERSOF AMERICA\n\nBY  \nWILLIAM ALBERT MeCONAGHA  \nB.S,Muskingum College,I917A.M,Univeraity of Ilinois,1922  \n## Abstract of\n\nTHESIS  \nSUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILIMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INECONOMICS IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOLOF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS,  \n1925  \nURBANA,ILLINOIS  \nI926  \n198  \n# THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OFTHE UNITED MINE WORKERSOF AMERICA\n\nBYWILLIAM ALBERT McCONAGHA  \nB.S.Muskingum College,1917  \nA.M.,Univeraity of Hlinois,1922  \n## Abstract ofTHESIS\n\nSUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INECONOMICS IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOLOF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS,  \n1925  \nURBANA,ILLINOIS  \n1926  \nt具。2制\"qe  \n# THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE UNITEDMINE WORKERS OF AMERICA\n\nWhereas 308 days constitute a full year in the coal miningindustry,the maximum time which workers,on an average,havebeen able to secure has been 213 days.This broken yearaffectsthe miner directly in that even an adequate daily wage tends tobecme a very inadequate annual income.  \nThis condition is due in part to business depressions,but mostof all to sheer over-development of the industry.This over-de-velopmentis largely due to the fluctuating character of the coalmarket.  \nIn addition to the economic mal-adjustments from which theminers sufer,the isolation of the typical mining communitymakes possible,or even necessary,the existence of a certain de-gree of paternalism on the part of the employer.This conditionmanifests itself through such institutions as the company house,the company store,and the“camp.”Relationship establishedhere,being more personal,may become even more irritating thanthe economic conditions mentioned above.  \nAlthough organizations of considerable importance had occurredin the mining industry before 185o,the era of union activity didnot begin until the formation of the American Miners'Associationin 1861.This union spread through practically all of the impor-tant coal felds,but succumbed to the depression of 1873.  \nFollowing this,there sprang up various benevolent asocia-tions whose center of activity was the anthracite region.Theseinstitutions disappeared after the overthrowal of their dominantmember,the Miners and Laborers Benevolent Association,duelargely to the coming of the railroads in the anthracite region,alack of unity among the miners and the activity of the“MollyMcGuires.\"  \nThe Miners National Association was formed in 1873,in anattempt to meet changed conditions due to the expansion of rail-roads and the broadening of the competitive area.A similar mo-tive prompted the formation of the National Federation of Minersand Mine Laborers in 1885.Under the National Federation thefirst interstate joint conference was established in 1886,only to bediscontinued in 1889.  \nIn 18go,The National Federation,later known as the Na-tional Progressive Union united with District No.135 of theKnights of Labor to form the United Mine Workers of America.  \nThe initial program of the United Mine Workers was to secureanti-creen laws,a uniform wage scale and the eight-hour day.Attempts to secure these concessions were uniformly unsuccessfulexcept in the effort to secure the abolition of screens.  \nIn 1894 and again in 1897 attempt","cbCail8CfMUWnlUa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail8CfMUWnlUa","pdf",276882,"English","# Economic conditions in the coal mining industry\n## Working time, wages, and market over-development\n## Employer paternalism in mining communities\n# Origins and evolution of union activity\n## Early associations and benevolent institutions\n## Formation of national miners’ organizations\n# United Mine Workers program and major conflicts\n## Anti-screen laws, wage scale, and eight-hour day\n## Strikes from the 1890s through 1919 and 1922\n# Shifts during wartime and interstate agreements\n## Fuel Administration and wage appeals\n# Anthracite vs bituminous field differences\n## Collective bargaining and collective agreements","[{\"question\":\"How did the coal industry’s yearly working time affect miners’ income?\",\"answer\":\"Although 308 days make up a full year, miners averaged only about 213 working days. This “broken year” meant that even an adequate daily wage became an inadequate annual income.\"},{\"question\":\"What economic and market forces are described as driving miners’ conditions?\",\"answer\":\"The text attributes conditions partly to business depressions but chiefly to over-development of the industry, largely caused by the fluctuating character of the coal market.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key objectives of the United Mine Workers’ initial program?\",\"answer\":\"The initial program aimed to secure anti-screen laws, a uniform wage scale, and the eight-hour day, with attempts largely unsuccessful except for efforts that led to the abolition of screens.\"}]","THE HISTORY AND PROGRESS OFTHE UNITEDMINE WORKERS OF AMERICA - by William Albert McConagha - 1926 | PDF",1789970646,23]