[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-617840-105":59,"doc-detail-617840-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","the-historical-state-local-collective-action-and-economic-development-in-vietnam","THE HISTORICAL STATE, LOCAL COLLECTIVE ACTION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM","","This study analyzes how historical state institutions shape long-run economic development, using Vietnam as a comparative laboratory. Northern Vietnam (Dai Viet) is contrasted with Southern Vietnam’s peripheral tributary system under the Khmer Empire. A regression discontinuity design compares nearby villages exposed to Dai Viet administrative institutions for differing durations before French colonization. Results show that longer exposure predicts stronger economic outcomes over the past 150 years, supported by evidence of more effective collective action and persistent village governance norms.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-historical-state-local-collective-action-and-economic-development-in-vietnam/617840/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-historical-state-local-collective-action-and-economic-development-in-vietnam/617840.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the main question of the study on Vietnam?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study asks how historical state conditions influence long-run development in Vietnam by comparing local village governance across different historical states.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How are Vietnam’s northern and southern regions characterized in the paper?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Northern Vietnam (Dai Viet) featured centralized rule with village autonomy, while Southern Vietnam functioned as a peripheral tributary under the Khmer Empire with more personalized patron-client power relations.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What does the regression discontinuity design show about exposure to Dai Viet institutions?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Areas exposed to Dai Viet administrative institutions for longer periods before French colonization experienced better economic outcomes over the past 150 years, with evidence tied to local collective action and redistribution through civil society and local government.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},617840,1792444689,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","Econometrica, Vol. 86, No. 6 (November, 2018), 2083–2121  \nTHE HISTORICAL STATE, LOCAL COLLECTIVE ACTION, AND ECONOMIC  \nDEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM  \nMELISSA DELL  \nDepartment of Economics, Harvard University and NBER  \nNATHAN LANE  \nDepartment of Economics, Monash University and Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  \nPABLO QUERUBIN  \nDepartment of Politics, New York University  \nThis study examines how the historical state conditions long-run development, using Vietnam as a laboratory. Northern Vietnam (Dai Viet) was ruled by a strong, centralized state in which the village was the fundamental administrative unit. Southern Vietnam was a peripheral tributary of the Khmer (Cambodian) Empire, which followed a patron-client model with more informal, personalized power relations and no village intermediation. Using a regression discontinuity design, the study shows that areas exposed to Dai Viet administrative institutions for a longer period prior to French colonization have experienced better economic outcomes over the past 150 years. Rich historical data document that in Dai Viet villages, citizens have been better able to organize for public goods and redistribution through civil society and local government. We argue that institutionalized village governance crowded in local cooperation and that these norms persisted long after the original institutions disappeared.  \nKEYWORDS: Collective action, governance, economic development.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nTHE PAST CENTURY has witnessed a large-scale divergence in economic prosperity within the developing world. In particular, initially poor economies in Northeast Asia—such as Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea—have developed much more rapidly on average than economies in Southeast Asia—such as the Philippines and Cambodia. One central difference between these regions is the nature of the historical state, but it is challenging to deduce what role this played in the divergence since many factors differ. Progress can be made by focusing on a single country—Vietnam—that lies at the intersection of Northeast and Southeast Asia. This study uses a regression discontinuity design to compare nearby Vietnamese villages that belonged to different historical states, employing rich historical data to elucidate channels of persistence. We hypothesize that the Northeast Asian historical state crowded in local collective action, and that these norms persisted, influencing  \n[Melissa Dell:](Melissa Dell: melissadell@fas.harvard.edu)[ melissadell@fas.harvard.edu](Melissa Dell: melissadell@fas.harvard.edu)  \n[Nathan Lane:](Nathan Lane: nathaniel.lane@monash.edu)[ nathaniel.lane@monash.edu](Nathan Lane: nathaniel.lane@monash.edu)  \n[Pablo Querubin:](Pablo Querubin: pablo.querubin@nyu.edu)[ pablo.querubin@nyu.edu](Pablo Querubin: pablo.querubin@nyu.edu)  \nWe thank Minh Trinh, Nhung Le, Minh Tuan Nguyen, Thao Ngo, and Huyen Cao for providing excellent research assistance. We are also grateful to seminar participants at Berkeley, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Central European University, Columbia University, CUNY, Duke Economics, Duke Political Science, Harvard, IIES, LACEA, LSE, MIT, Munich, NYU, Oxford, Queen Mary, UC-Santa Barbara, Universidad de Piura, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Warwick, World Bank, and Yale for their helpful comments and suggestions. Support used to fund this project was received from the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (Harvard) and the Milton Fund (Harvard) .  \n© 2018 The Econometric Society [https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA15122](https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA15122)  \n2084 M. DELL, N. LANE, AND P. QUERUBIN  \ncivic engagement, local public goods provision, and economic development long after the original state had disappeared.  \nThe literature commonly divides Asian societies into the Sinic states of Northeast Asia—which were heavily influenced by Chinese statecraft—and the Indic states of Southeast Asia—which were impacted by ","cbCaidehR1ahcFjj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidehR1ahcFjj","pdf",1032754,39,"English","# Introduction\n## Historical state and local administration\n## Empirical strategy and persistence of norms","[{\"question\":\"What is the main question of the study on Vietnam?\",\"answer\":\"The study asks how historical state conditions influence long-run development in Vietnam by comparing local village governance across different historical states.\"},{\"question\":\"How are Vietnam’s northern and southern regions characterized in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Northern Vietnam (Dai Viet) featured centralized rule with village autonomy, while Southern Vietnam functioned as a peripheral tributary under the Khmer Empire with more personalized patron-client power relations.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the regression discontinuity design show about exposure to Dai Viet institutions?\",\"answer\":\"Areas exposed to Dai Viet administrative institutions for longer periods before French colonization experienced better economic outcomes over the past 150 years, with evidence tied to local collective action and redistribution through civil society and local government.\"}]","THE HISTORICAL STATE, LOCAL COLLECTIVE ACTION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM | PDF",98]