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\n[英]以赛亚·伯林著[英]亨利·哈迪编唐建清译  \nye  \n什           丽上  十  \n刺猬与狐狸  \n论托尔斯泰的历史观  \nThe Hedgehog and the FoxAn Essay on Tolstoy's View of History  \n[英]以赛亚·伯林著  \n[英]亨利·哈迪编唐建清译  \nby Isaiah Berlinedited by Henry Hardy  \nTHE HEDGEHOG AND THE FOX by Isaiah Berlin,second edition,edited by Henry Hardy  \nFirst published by Weidenfeld &.Nicolson,an imprint of the Orion Pub-lishing Group,London  \nSecond edition C The Trustees of the Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust andHenry Hardy 2013  \nEditorial matter C Henry Hardy 2013  \nPublished by arrangement with The Orion Publishing Group Ltd.,throughThe Grayhawk Agency Ltd.  \nForeword translated and reprinted from THE HEDGEHOG AND THEFOX:An Essay on Tolstoy's View of History,Second Edition by IsaiahBerlin,edited by Henry Hardy,with a new foreword by Michael Ignatieff.Foreword copyright ◎ 2013 by Princeton University Press.Reprinted bypermission.  \nSimplified Chinese Edition Copyright   2025 by NJUPAll rights reserved江苏省版权局著作权合同登记图字：10-2023-428号  \n图书在版编目(CIP)数据  \n刺猬与狐狸：论托尔斯泰的历史观/(英)以赛亚  \n·伯林著;(英)亨利·哈迪编；唐建清译.--南京：南京大学出版社，2025.8.--ISBN 978-7-305-28758-9  \nI.B512.59  \n中国国家版本馆CIP数据核字第2025A7G580号  \n出版发行 南京大学出版社  \n社   址 南京市汉口路22号邮 编210093  \nCIWEI YU HULI:LUN TUOERSITAI DE LISHIGUAN  \n书   名 刺猬与狐狸：论托尔斯泰的历史观著   者[英]以赛亚·伯林编   者[英]亨利·哈迪译   者 唐建清责任编辑 顾舜若  \n照   排 南京紫藤制版印务中心印   刷 南京爱德印刷有限公司  \n开   本787 mm×1092 mm 1/32印张7.125字数86千版   次2025年8月第1版2025年8月第1次印刷ISBN 978-7-305-28758-9定   价68.00元  \n网   址：http://www.njupco.com  \n官方微博：http://weibo.com/njupco  \n官方微信：njupress  \n销售咨询热线：(025)83594756  \n目录  \n序言编者前言作者说明刺猬与狐狸  \n第二版附录编者后记索引  \niviixiii  \n001  \n139  \n180  \n182  \n# 序言\n\n叶礼庭  \n这篇出色的文章最初是在牛津大学发表的演讲，1951年被一份鲜为人知的斯拉夫研究期刊转载，1953年被再次命名并被重新发表。为什么这篇文章能如此强劲而持久地流传下来，我们有必要加以阐明。与《两种自由概念》(“Two Concepts ofLiberty”)¹一样，刺猬与狐狸之间的区别也被证  \ni  \n明具有旺盛的生命力，并被用于伯林此前从未想象或计划过的领域。20世纪30年代末，“刺猬与狐狸”最初是教师休息室的一种室内游戏——牛津大学的一位本科生向他介绍了一个奇妙而神秘的希腊语句子，以赛亚就用它把他的朋友分为刺猬与狐狸。1后来，伯林将它变成了一篇关于托尔斯泰的著名文章的结构性见解。“刺猬与狐狸”现在已经进入文化，作为对我们周围的人进行分类的方式，以及思考关于现实本身的两种基本定位的方式。  \n狐狸不仅知道很多事情。狐狸承认，他只是知道很多事情，而现实的统一性肯定是他无法把握的。狐狸的重要特征是承认自己所知有限。正如伯林所说：“我们是超出我们理解范围的更大世界的一部分。……我们自己生活在这个整体中，并依  \nli  \n序言  \n赖它，我们只有与它和平相处才是明智的。”1  \n刺猬不会与世界和平相处。他不甘心。他不能接受自己只知道很多事情。他试图知道一件大事，坚持不懈地要给现实一个统一的形态。狐狸满足于所知道的，他可能会过上快乐的生活。刺猬不会安定下来，他的生活可能不会快乐。  \n伯林认为，我们所有人的内心都既有狐狸的一面，也有刺猬的一面。这篇文章是对人类分裂性的一种无与伦比的描述。我们是分裂的生物，我们必须做出选择：是接受我们知识的不完整性，还是坚持确定性和真理?我们当中只有最坚定的人才会拒绝满足于狐狸所知道的，而坚持刺猬所确定的。  \n换句话说，这篇文章经久不衰，因为它不仅是关于托尔斯泰的，也是关于我们所有人的。我们  \nii  \n可以与我们的“现实感”1和解，接受现实的本来面目，过我们现有的生活；我们也可以渴望在表象之下找到一种更基本、更统一的真理，一种可以解惑或提供慰藉的真理。2  \n伯林将刺猬对统一真理的渴望与狐狸的现实感进行了对比。他坚信，狐狸的知识也可以是扎实而清晰的。我们并非在云雾中。我们可以认知，我们可以学习，我们可以做出道德判断。科学知识是明确的。他所质疑的是，科学或理性是否可以给我们一种切入现实核心的最终确定性。我们大多数人满足于此。他写道，智慧不是屈服于幻想，而是接受“我们在其中行动的……不可改变的媒介”“事物之间的永恒关系”“人类生活的普遍结构”。3我  \n序言  \n们有此认识，不是通过科学或推理，而是通过对现实的深刻理解。在生命的最后几年，伯林本人获得了这种宁静。这种宁静似乎源于贯穿他现实感的接受与和解。1  \n少数人拒绝接受现实。他们拒绝屈服，并寻求——无论通过艺术还是科学，数学还是哲学——穿透狐狸所知道的许多不同的事情，以一个核心的确定性来解释一切。卡尔·马克思就是这样一个人物，他是所有那些人中最无法被动摇的刺猬。  \n刺猬的伟大之处在于拒绝我们的局限性。其悲剧在于最终无法与局限性和解。托尔斯泰无情地蔑视一切关于真理的教义，无论宗教的还是世俗的，但他无法放弃这样的信念：只要他能克服自己的局限性，就能掌握某种终极真理。“直到他生命的最后一刻，托尔斯泰的现实感都是毁灭性的，  \n1参见我的《秋天的伯林》,收录于：Henry Hardy(ed.),The  \nBook of Isaiah:Personal Impressions of Isaiah Berlin(Wood-  \nbridge,2009:Boydell)。","cbCaiqKJCaMCPseo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqKJCaMCPseo","pdf",39779440,224,"Chinese","en","# 序言\n## 目录","[{\"question\":\"为什么说“刺猬与狐狸”经久不衰？\",\"answer\":\"它不仅讨论托尔斯泰，也对应所有人的内心分裂：在接受现实的不可完整性与坚持确定性之间作出选择，并映照人们的现实感与对更统一真理的渴望。\"}]","刺猬与狐狸 - 论托尔斯泰的历史观 | PDF",1790379016,345]