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It compares Former Han and Later Han, describes government administration, taxes, social classes, civil service and Confucian examinations, and highlights major technological advances and trade through the Silk Roads, concluding with review questions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-han-dynasty-of-china-a-chinese-golden-age-613292/613292/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-han-dynasty-of-china-a-chinese-golden-age-613292/613292.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Which dynasty preceded the Han, and what led to its end?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The Qin dynasty preceded the Han. Qin ended in rebellion and civil war due to a weak ruler and unrest.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What are the two periods of the Han dynasty?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The Han is divided into Former Han (Western Han, 206 BCE–9 CE) and Later Han (Eastern Han, 25–220 CE), with the Xin dynasty interrupting the sequence.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How did civil service function under the Han, and was it truly merit-based?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The Han civil service relied on ranks and civil service exams grounded in Confucian principles. It was theoretically merit-based, but poor families often could not afford education, limiting access in practice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},613292,1792401413,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":142,"read_time":143},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \n\n| The Han Dynasty of China: A Chinese Golden Age |\n| --- |\n| |\n| (206 BCE-220 CE)\u003Cbr>© Student Handouts, Inc. |\n\nHistorical Setting of the Han  \n• Followed the Qin dynasty  \n– 221-206 BCE  \n– Qin ended in rebellion and civil war due to weak ruler and unrest (206-202 BCE)  \n• Han dynasty was China’s second imperial dynasty  \n– 206 (or 202) BCE-220 CE  \n• Over 400 years  \n• Followed by the Three Kingdoms  \n– 220-265 CE  \n\n| Liu Bang – Emperor Gaozu of Han |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| • Civil war\u003Cbr>– Two strong leaders\u003Cbr>• Xiang Yu (aristocratic general)\u003Cbr>• Liu Bang (peasant-class general under Xiang Yu)\u003Cbr>• 202 BCE\u003Cbr>– Liu Bang beat Xiang Yu for good\u003Cbr>• Liu Bang declared start of Han |  | |\n| dynasty | Liu Bang reigned 202 BCE-195 BCE. |  |\n\nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nTwo Periods ofthe Han Dynasty  \n• Former Han  \n– Also called the Western Han  \n– 206 BCE-9 CE  \n• Interrupted by the Xin dynasty  \n– Under Wang Mang  \n– 9-23 CE  \n• Later Han  \n– Also called the Eastern Han  \n– 25-220 CE  \nGovernment under the Han  \n• Centralized government  \n– Capital cities  \n• Chang’an  \n– 206 BCE-9 CE (all of the Former or Western Han) and 190-195 CE (Later or Eastern Han)  \n• Luoyang  \n– 25-190 CE and 196 CE (most of the Later or Eastern Han)  \n• Xuchang  \n– 196-220 CE (very end of the Later or Eastern Han)  \n• Lowered taxes  \n• Less harsh punishments  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \nEmpress Lu  \n• One of Liu Bang’s widows  \n• Retained power by naming various children as emperor in turn  \n• Example of power gained through the manipulation of court politics  \n– Families vied for power  \n– Alliances among powerful and influential people  \nWudi – The Martial Emperor  \n• Wudi lived 141-87 BCE  \n• Used warfare to expand the Chinese empire  \n– Northern steppes  \n• Xiongnu – steppe nomads from the north and west  \n• Commonly raided Chinese villages  \n• Traditionally kept at bay through bribery  \n• Wudi made allies of the Xiongnu’s enemies and sent in  \n100,000 soldiers  \n• Pushed the Xiongnu back  \n• Settled soldiers on former Xiongnu lands  \n• But the nomads of the steppes provided ongoing conflict  \n– Modern-day Korea, Manchuria , Vietnam, etc.  \n• Conquered and colonized  \n• Borders under Wudi nearly what they are today  \nSocial Classes under the Han  \nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \nBureaucracy under the Han  \n• Taxes supported the government and military  \n• Merchants  \n– Paid taxes  \n• Peasants  \n– Gave the government a portion of their annual crops  \n– Each year gave a month of labor (for public works projects) or of military service  \nCivil Service under the Han  \n• Over 130,000 employees  \n• 18 ranks of employees  \n• Civil service exams  \n– Confucian principles described the qualities that emperors wanted in civil servants  \n– Wudi set up a Confucian-themed school  \n– Formal examinations in Confucianism, history, law, and literature for civil service positions  \n– Theoretically a merit-based system  \n• But poor could not afford to educate their children  \n– In effect until the downfall of China’s last dynasty in 1912  \n\n|  | Technology under the Han |\n| --- | --- |\n| Paper • Invented in 105 CE\u003Cbr>• Books became inexpensive to produce; expanded education\u003Cbr>• Bureaucracy grew and became more efficient |  |\n| Collar harness • Horses could carry heavier loads\u003Cbr>• Best harness available at the time worldwide |  |\n| \u003Cbr>• The Chinese made one with two blades\u003Cbr>• Much more efficient\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Plow |  |\n| \u003Cbr>• Invented independently (Greeks had invented as well)\u003Cbr>• Central wheel and axle let Chinese wheelbarrows carry very heavyweights Wheelbarrow |  |\n| |  |\n| Waterwheel \u003Cbr>• Used to power things such as the bellows for smelting iron |  |\n\nSlide 13  \nSlide 14  \nSlide 15  \nReview Questions  \n1. What dynasty preceded the Han?  \n2. Who founded the Han dynasty?  \n3. What are the two periods of the Han dynasty?  \n4. Imagine that you are a Chinese soldier relocated to former Xiongnu lands. What might your li","cbCaisJLfvGzaoME","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisJLfvGzaoME","pdf",406575,"English","# Historical Setting of the Han\n# Liu Bang – Emperor Gaozu of Han\n# Two Periods of the Han Dynasty\n# Government under the Han\n# Empress Lu and Wudi – The Martial Emperor\n# Social Classes under the Han\n# Bureaucracy and Civil Service under the Han\n# Technology under the Han\n# Agriculture under the Han\n# Commerce and Trade under the Han\n# Silk Roads under the Han\n# Historians during the Han Period\n# Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"Which dynasty preceded the Han, and what led to its end?\",\"answer\":\"The Qin dynasty preceded the Han. Qin ended in rebellion and civil war due to a weak ruler and unrest.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two periods of the Han dynasty?\",\"answer\":\"The Han is divided into Former Han (Western Han, 206 BCE–9 CE) and Later Han (Eastern Han, 25–220 CE), with the Xin dynasty interrupting the sequence.\"},{\"question\":\"How did civil service function under the Han, and was it truly merit-based?\",\"answer\":\"The Han civil service relied on ranks and civil service exams grounded in Confucian principles. It was theoretically merit-based, but poor families often could not afford education, limiting access in practice.\"}]","The Han Dynasty of China - A Chinese Golden Age | PDF",1792385119,23]