[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40556-en":3,"doc-seo-40556-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40556,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",2,"Literature","The Guillotine at Work Vol. 1 The Leninist Counter-Revolution","The Guillotine at Work, Vol. 1: The Leninist Counter-Revolution by Gregory Petrovich Maximoff examines how terror operated in the early Soviet state under Lenin, arguing it was rooted in Marxism-Leninism rather than solely in later Stalinist practice. Through extensive quotations and references to socialist, anarchist, and official Bolshevik sources, the introduction explains Lenin’s calls for red terror, shootings, and civil war tactics, including coercion of the countryside. The volume outlines the “sources” and major phases of mass terror and repression.","THE GUILLOTINE AT WORK  \nVol. 1: The Leninist Counter-Revolution  \nGregory Petrovich Maximoff  \nFirst edition published Chicago, 1940, by the Alexander Berkman Fund under the title: The Guillotine At Work: Twenty Years of  \nTerror in Russia (Data and Documents)  \nSecond edition, Volume 1, published1979 by Cienfuegos Press,  \nOver the Water, Sanday, Orkney, KW 17 2BL  \nThis, third (revised and corrected) edition, published in 2013 by  \nChristieBooks, PO Box 35, Hastings, East Sussex, TN34 1 ZS, UK  \nIntroduction by Bill Nowlin  \nCover illustration by the late Flavio Costantini. Jacket design by Simon Stern  \n‘  \n(Vol. 2 – Data and Documents – to follow)  \nISBN 978-0-904564-23-5  \n[http://www.christiebooks.com/ChristieBooksWP/](http://www.christiebooks.com/ChristieBooksWP/)  \n[christie@btconnect.com](christie@btconnect.com)  \nContents  \nINTRODUCTIONby Bill Nowlin  \nGREGORY PETROVICH MAXIMOFFby Sam Dolgoff PUBLISHER’S PREFACE  \nAUTHOR’S PREFACE  \nPART ONETHE SOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN TERROR LENIN’S ROAD TO POWER  \nTHE ABSOLUTIST AND TERRORISTIC NATURE  \nOF THE MARXIST STATE  \nTHE “PREPARATORY” PERIOD OF TERROR  \nTHE BOLSHEVIK COUNTER-REVOLUTION BEGINS  \nTHE BLOODY ORGY OF THE MASS TERROR  \nTHE FIGHT AGAINST LIBERTY  \nTHE “BLOODLESS” FRONT  \nTHE SECOND YEAR OF THE “BLOODLESS\" FRONT AND“PEACEFUL” RECONSTRUCTION  \nTHE TERROR IN THE LAST YEARS OF LENIN’S LIFE  \nTHE TORTURES  \nLENIN’S TERROR WITHIN THE PARTY  \nSTALIN’S TERROR WITHIN THE COUNTRY  \nSTALIN’S INTRA-PARTY TERROR  \n1. The Leaders Unmasked  \n2. The Bloody Hurricane ofDeath.  \n3. The Final Phase of the Terroristic Cycle.  \n4. Formation of the New Classes and Stalin’s  \n Most Recent Intra-Party Terror.  \nWHITHER RUSSIA?  \nINTRODUCTION  \nby Bill Nowlin  \nTHE GUILLOTINE AT WORK offers us two very important lessons. First of all, Maximoff describes the terror under Lenin. His book stands as one of the most comprehensive documentations of the terror of the early Soviet state, which began under Lenin and was not just a Stalinist development.  \nThe principal lesson Maximoff wished to communicate, though, was that Marxism-Leninism was a theory, which, despite its revolutionary style, was in essence counter-revolutionary.  \nThis line of argument is a difficult one for many people to accept. While all but the most dogmatic Stalinists recognise and recoil at the brutality of the Stalin era, it is believed almost equally widely that this was due to a political deformation characteristic of Stalin the man and not an endemic feature of Marxism-Leninism itself. Lenin is permitted to retain an aura of sacrosanctity. Whoever might broadly condemn Marxism-Leninism rather than focus their critique on the Stalin personality cult is immediately suspect as an unregenerate reactionary. To avoid this charge, Maximoff has confined the material he presents to that which emanates from socialist, anarchist and official Bolshevik sources. The idea that the Great Russian Revolution was ultimately perverted and channelled into an authoritarian and repressive regime is not a new idea. Most feel this occurred after Lenin’s death. Even as honest and sincere a work as Roy Medvedev’s Let History Judge, a masterful and devastating dissection of Stalinist Russia, lets Lenin off scot free. It is only to “the typical bourgeois historian,”suggests Medvedev, that “Stalin’s activity is seen as the logical continuation of Lenin’s …” 1 Medvedev is, legitimately, fearful that a wholesale rejection of proletarian socialism might result from attributing to Marxism and Leninism itself the origins of the terror and crimes of the Stalin era; however, there do exist other forms of proletarian socialism than Marxism and Leninism and the dedicated revolutionary must hold each and every one up to the most penetrating criticism. Clarity of understanding is essential to the development of authentic revolutionary consciousness. If we are to learn from the mistakes of the past, we cannot exempt any tendency or any revolutionary figure f","cbCaiprLFjekaY22","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiprLFjekaY22","pdf",1430829,4,1,235,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## The Guillotine at Work’s key lessons\n# Gregory Petrovich Maximoff\n# Publisher’s Preface\n# Author’s Preface\n# Part One\n## The sources of the Russian terror\n## Lenin’s road to power\n## The absolutist and terroristic nature of the Marxist state\n## The “preparatory” period of terror\n## The Bolshevik counter-revolution begins\n## The bloody orgy of the mass terror\n## The fight against liberty\n## The “bloodless” front\n## The second year of the “bloodless” front and “peaceful” reconstruction\n## The terror in the last years of Lenin’s life\n## The tortures\n## Lenin’s terror within the party\n## Stalin’s terror within the country\n## Stalin’s intra-party terror\n## Whither Russia?","[{\"question\":\"What main argument does the introduction attribute to Maximoff about Marxism-Leninism and terror?\",\"answer\":\"Maximoff argues that Marxism-Leninism, despite its revolutionary style, is essentially counter-revolutionary and therefore endemic to the development of terror rather than merely a later Stalin distortion.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the introduction describe Lenin’s view and promotion of terror?\",\"answer\":\"It states that Lenin believed terror was necessary and even desirable to implement his program, including urging the execution of political opponents and advocating an unashamed policy of red terror.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document say about the origins and escalation of civil war and coercion in the countryside?\",\"answer\":\"It claims Maximoff presents quotations where Lenin is said to deliberately provoke civil war in the countryside, terrorize the peasantry, and enforce compliance with forced grain requisitions through state regimentation.\"}]",1783312757,362,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"the-guillotine-at-work-vol-1-the-leninist-counter-revolution","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-guillotine-at-work-vol-1-the-leninist-counter-revolution/40556/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What main argument does the introduction attribute to Maximoff about Marxism-Leninism and terror?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Maximoff argues that Marxism-Leninism, despite its revolutionary style, is essentially counter-revolutionary and therefore endemic to the development of terror rather than merely a later Stalin distortion.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does the introduction describe Lenin’s view and promotion of terror?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It states that Lenin believed terror was necessary and even desirable to implement his program, including urging the execution of political opponents and advocating an unashamed policy of red terror.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What does the document say about the origins and escalation of civil war and coercion in the countryside?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"It claims Maximoff presents quotations where Lenin is said to deliberately provoke civil war in the countryside, terrorize the peasantry, 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