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Although the incidence of some types of cancer across various primary sites is decreasing due to specific prevention measures (screening programs, smoking cessation), the incidence of neoplasms in the young population shows a significant increase associated with obesity. There is sufficient evidence to say that bariatric surgery has been shown to significantly lower the risk of developing obesity-associated cancers, which are linked to metabolic dysregulation, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and hormonal alterations such as elevated levels of insulin and sex hormones.  \nHEADINGS: Obesity. Bariatric surgery. Neoplasms.  \nRESUMO – A obesidade é reconhecida como um fator de risco significativo para vários tipos de câncer. Embora a incidência de alguns tipos de câncer de várioslocais primários esteja diminuindo devido a medidas específicas de prevenção (programas de triagem, cessação do tabagismo), a incidência de neoplasias na população jovem mostra um aumento significativo associado à obesidade. Há evidências suficientes para dizer que a cirurgia bariátrica demonstrou reduzirsignificativamente o risco de desenvolver cânceres associados à obesidade, que estão ligados à desregulação metabólica, inflamação sistêmica crônica de baixograu e alterações hormonais, como níveis elevados de insulina e hormônios sexuais.  \nDESCRITORES: Obesidade. Cirurgia bariátrica. Neoplasias.  \n [instagram.com/revistaabcd/](instagram.com/revistaabcd/)  twitter.com/revista_abcd  facebook.com/Revista-ABCD-109005301640367  linkedin.com/company/revista-abcd  \nFrom 1Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Department of Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil; 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital Universitário, Department of Surgery – Recife (PE), Brazil; 3Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Department of Surgery – São Paulo (SP), Brazil; 4Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology Department – São Paulo (SP), Brazil; 5Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas – São Paulo (SP), Brazil; 6Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Department of Surgery, Digestive System Surgery – Londrina (PR), Brazil; 7Universidade Federal do Paraná, Faculdade de Medicina de Curitiba, Department of Surgery – Curitiba (PR), Brazil.  \nHow to cite this article: Kassab P, Ferraz AAB, Mitidieri ACH, Berti LV, Santo MA, Szego T, et al. The growing evidence of the relationship between obesity and cancer and the role of bariatric surgery. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2024;37e1838. [https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720202400044e1838](https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720202400044e1838) .  \nCorrespondence:  \nPaulo Kassab.  \nEmail: [paulokassab@icloud.com](paulokassab@icloud.com)  \nFinancial source: None  \nConflict of interests: None  \nReceived: 09/24/2024  \nAccepted: 10/02/2024  \nPreprint:10/28/2024  \nEditorial Support: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) .  \nREVIEW ARTICLE-POSITION PAPER  \n SUMMARY OF THE MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS  \n• Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for various types of cancer.  \n• Alt","cbCaiir5TUJHnmqe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiir5TUJHnmqe","pdf",639462,"English","# Summary of the Main Recommendations\n## Obesity as a cancer risk factor\n## Trends in cancer incidence among young populations\n## Bariatric surgery and reduced obesity-associated cancer risk\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is obesity considered a significant risk factor for cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The document states that obesity is a recognized risk factor for various cancer types, including cancers associated with metabolic and hormonal changes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do prevention measures affect cancer incidence according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"It notes that incidence of some cancer types at different primary sites is decreasing due to specific prevention measures such as screening programs and smoking cessation.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the proposed role of bariatric surgery in obesity-associated cancers?\",\"answer\":\"The document reports sufficient evidence that bariatric surgery significantly lowers the risk of developing cancers associated with obesity, linked to metabolic dysregulation, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and hormonal alterations.\"}]","THE GROWING EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND CANCER AND THE ROLE OF BARIATRIC SURGERY - Review Article-Position Paper | PDF",1789984895]