[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-266660-105":59,"doc-detail-266660-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-growing-correlation-between-race-and-sat-scores-new-findings-from-california-october-2015","THE GROWING CORRELATION BETWEEN RACE AND SAT SCORES: NEW FINDINGS FROM CALIFORNIA - October 2015","","This paper reports new, notable findings on how race relates to SAT scores among applicants to the University of California from 1994 to 2011. Using data from over 1.1 million students, it shows that socioeconomic factors such as family income, parental education, and race/ethnicity explain a growing portion of SAT-score variation. The predictive power of factors present at birth has increased substantially, with race becoming the strongest predictor. Results are treated as preliminary but relevant to debates on affirmative action and standardized testing.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-growing-correlation-between-race-and-sat-scores-new-findings-from-california-october-2015/266660/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-growing-correlation-between-race-and-sat-scores-new-findings-from-california-october-2015/266660.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data and timeframe does the paper use to study the relationship between race and SAT scores?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study analyzes California resident applicants to the University of California from 1994 through 2011, covering a sample of over 1.1 million students.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors explain SAT-score differences, and how has their importance changed over time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Socioeconomic background factors—family income, parental education, and race/ethnicity—account for a large and growing share of SAT-score variance. More than a third of the variance can be predicted from factors known at students’ birth, and race has become the strongest predictor.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does the paper conclude that race is always the key driver, and what cautions are given?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper warns that the findings are preliminary and that more research is needed to determine whether the California pattern reflects a broader national trend.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},266660,1789410357,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.10.15  \nUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY  \n[http://cshe.berkeley.edu/](http://cshe.berkeley.edu/)  \nTHE GROWING CORRELATION BETWEEN RACE AND SAT SCORES:  \n􀀍  \nNEW FINDINGS FROM CALIFORNIA  \nOctober 2015  \nSaul Geiser  \nCenter for Studies in Higher Education  \nUniversity of California, Berkeley  \nCopyright 2015 Saul Geiser, all rights reserved.  \nABSTRACT  \nThis paper presents new and surprising findings on the relationship between race and SAT scores. The findings are based on the population of California residents who applied for admission to the University of California from 1994 through 2011, a sample of over 1.1 million students. The UC data show that socioeconomic background factors – family income, parental education, and race/ethnicity – account for a large and growing share of the variance in students’SAT scores over the past twenty years. More than a third of the variance in SAT scores can now be predicted by factors known at students’ birth, up from a quarter of the variance in 1994. Of those factors, moreover, race has become the strongest predictor. Rather than declining in salience, race and ethnicity are now more important than either family income or parental education in accounting for test score differences. It must be cautioned that these findings are preliminary, and more research is needed to determine whether the California data reflect a broader national trend. But if these findings are representative, they have important implications for the ongoing debate over both affirmative action and standardized testing in college admissions.  \nKeywords: Higher education, college admissions, standardized tests, race and ethnicity, affirmative action  \nRace, the SAT, and the University of California  \nThe University of California has been ground zero for two of the most divisive issues in American college admissions: the use of race and SAT scores as selection criteria. The convergence of the two controversies at UC is no accident. UC is the largest single user of the SAT, and its decision to adopt that test in 1979 helped solidify the SAT as the most widely used national admissions test until it was overtaken by the ACT in 2012.  \nEarly on, UC officials recognized the adverse impact of standardized tests on admission of California’s growing Latino and African American populations, and this was a major consideration leading to adoption of affirmative action as a compensatory measure.1 The US Supreme Court’s decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke provided the legal rationale – the university’s compelling interest in enrolling a diverse student body – which remains the principal justification for race-conscious admissions to this day.  \nLater, however, the SAT would play a key role in the backlash against affirmative action. The disparity in test scores between minority and non-minority admits led to claims of “reverse discrimination” that would provide the principal justification for dismantling affirmative action by vote of the UC Regents in 1995 and California’s referendum on Proposition 209 in 1996.  \nLike two magnets that simultaneously attract and repel one another, the strangely symbiotic relationship between race and the SAT continued to play out at UC even after Proposition 209 took effect in 1998. Faced with plummeting minority enrollments at its flagship campuses, UC undertook a sweeping review of all of its admissions criteria. Based on that review, then-UC President Richard Atkinson called for eliminating the SAT in his landmark speech to the American Council on Education (Atkinson, 2001) . In addition to its adverse effect on minority admissions, Atkinson observed, the SAT had only marginal validity in predicting  \n􀀍  \nThe author thanks Bill Kidder, Pam Burdman, John Douglass, Juliet Popper Shaffer, and Mark Wilson for their helpful comments.  \n1 Many have noted the peculiar connection between affirmative action and the SAT. See, among othe","cbCaidCMRcMm3FeC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidCMRcMm3FeC","pdf",1953205,43,"English","# Abstract\n# Race, the SAT, and the University of California\n## UC as a focal point for admissions controversies\n## Relationship between affirmative action and the SAT\n## Admissions reforms and the reduced role of SAT","[{\"question\":\"What data and timeframe does the paper use to study the relationship between race and SAT scores?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes California resident applicants to the University of California from 1994 through 2011, covering a sample of over 1.1 million students.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors explain SAT-score differences, and how has their importance changed over time?\",\"answer\":\"Socioeconomic background factors—family income, parental education, and race/ethnicity—account for a large and growing share of SAT-score variance. More than a third of the variance can be predicted from factors known at students’ birth, and race has become the strongest predictor.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the paper conclude that race is always the key driver, and what cautions are given?\",\"answer\":\"The paper warns that the findings are preliminary and that more research is needed to determine whether the California pattern reflects a broader national trend.\"}]","THE GROWING CORRELATION BETWEEN RACE AND SAT SCORES: NEW FINDINGS FROM CALIFORNIA - October 2015 | PDF",108]