[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-445543-105":59,"doc-detail-445543-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-great-recessions-effect-on-entrepreneurship","The Great Recession's Effect on Entrepreneurship","","The document analyzes how the Great Recession influenced entrepreneurship in the United States, challenging claims that downturns stimulate new business creation. It reviews macroeconomic conditions, then evaluates multiple metrics, including self-employment transitions and employment outcomes. Evidence from government and private data indicates an overall decline in entrepreneurial activity, with self-employment and employer-firm ownership both falling, particularly for incorporated business owners.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-great-recessions-effect-on-entrepreneurship/445543/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-great-recessions-effect-on-entrepreneurship/445543.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alexandar","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-05","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main argument does the document make about the Great Recession and entrepreneurship?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that, despite claims of an “upswing” in startup activity, careful analysis shows a substantial decline in entrepreneurial activity in the United States during the Great Recession.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document assess entrepreneurship using self-employment data?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It explains that self-employment is a common proxy for entrepreneurship and reviews entry and exit patterns, noting that while entry rates rose, the overall stock of self-employed individuals fell.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the document say about differences between incorporated and unincorporated self-employment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It reports that both types fell, but the decline was much more severe for incorporated self-employment, indicating stronger adverse effects for corporate entrepreneurs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},445543,1791096448,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090768658,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","# The Great Recession's Effect onEntrepreneurship\n\nScott Shane  \nThough the recent recession was the worst downturn since the Great Depression,some observers argue that one silverlining is an upswing in entrepreneurship.Recessions,they claim,provide laid-off workers with the motivation to starttheir own businesses,and a recent study suggests that in 2009 the number people becoming self employed spiked toits highest level in more than a decade.Unfortunately,a careful look at multiple sources of data shows that the GreatRecession was actually a time of considerable decline in entrepreneurial activity in the United States.  \nBetween December 2007 and June 2009,the United Statessuffered its biggest economic downturn since the GreatDepression.Dubbed the Great Recession,this economiccontraction saw gross domestic product decline 4 percentand the unemployment rate more than double from  \n4.9 percent to 10.1 percent.  \nWhile the media was full of reports about how the recessionaffected big business and consumers,it was largely silent onwhat happened to entrepreneurship.Economists are dividedon the matter.  \nSome believe that recessions have no effect on entrepre-neurial activity,arguing that the negative effects of reduceddemand are offset by the increased motivation to have one'sown business as a protection against layoffs.  \nOthers believe that the Great Recession actually broughtabout an upswing in entrepreneurship,as the downturnpushed laid-off workers to pursue their entrepreneurialdreams.A press release announcing a recent report from theEwing Marion Kauffman Foundation,for example,wentso far as to argue,“Rather than making history for its deeprecession and record unemployment,2009 might insteadbe remembered as the year business startups reached theirhighest level in 14 years-even exceeding the number ofstartups during the peak 1999-2000 technology boom.\"2  \nNumber 2011-04  \nMarch 24,2011  \nUnfortunately,a careful look at the data suggests otherwise.Multiple sources of government and private data show thatthe Great Recession was actually a time of considerabiedecline in entrepreneurial activity in the United States.  \n## Self-Employment Fell\n\nNo single measure captures entrepreneurial activity perfectly.However,by looking at several different measures,we canpiece together the big picture and use it to see how entrepre-neurship fared during the Great Recession.  \nSelf-employment is one variable that economists use tomeasure entrepreneurship,as the self-employed are in busi-ness for themselves.The wage-employed,in contrast,workfor others.As a statistic,self-employment has the advantageof measuring what happens to the widest range of entre-preneurs because it includes people starting corporationswith employees as well as those starting sole proprietorshipswithout employees.  \nThe rate of transition into self-employment did in factincrease during the Great Recession.The Kauffman Indexof Entrepreneurial Activity,³which uses information fromthe Current Population Survey(CPS)to measure the per-centage of the adult,non-business-owning population thatstarts a business each month,shows that the numberof people between the ages of 20 and 64 who became selfemployed each month on average rose from 300 per thou-sand people in 2007 to 340 per thousand in 2009  \nHowever,transition into self-employment is only part ofthe story.Many people who were self-employed beforethe recession exited during the downturn.Data from theBureau of Labor Statistics(BLS)show that the rate ofexitfrom self-employment must have increased even faster thanthe rate of entry into it because the stock of self-employedAmericans fell during the Great Recession.BLS data revealthat the seasonally-adjusted number of unincorporated self-employed Americans-the only measure of self-employmentthat adjusts for seasonality-fell from 10.2 million people inNovember 2007 to 9.8 million people inJune 2009.  \nThe adverse effect of the Great Recession on employmentwas slightly worse for se","cbCailxqzH0BA4V7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailxqzH0BA4V7","pdf",2973337,13,"English","# The Great Recession's Effect on Entrepreneurship\n## Self-Employment Fell\n## Many Employer Firms Disappeared","[{\"question\":\"What main argument does the document make about the Great Recession and entrepreneurship?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that, despite claims of an “upswing” in startup activity, careful analysis shows a substantial decline in entrepreneurial activity in the United States during the Great Recession.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document assess entrepreneurship using self-employment data?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that self-employment is a common proxy for entrepreneurship and reviews entry and exit patterns, noting that while entry rates rose, the overall stock of self-employed individuals fell.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document say about differences between incorporated and unincorporated self-employment?\",\"answer\":\"It reports that both types fell, but the decline was much more severe for incorporated self-employment, indicating stronger adverse effects for corporate entrepreneurs.\"}]","The Great Recession's Effect on Entrepreneurship | PDF",1790712366,33]