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Although GPR30 is an alternative E2 receptor linked to TMX resistance and progression, its cooperation with IL-6 remained unclear. This study tests how GPR30 shapes IL-6-induced metastatic behavior in MCF-7 luminal and TMX-resistant cells.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-gpr30-receptor-is-involved-in-il-6-induced-metastatic-properties-of-mcf-7-luminal-breast-cancer-cells/331227/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-gpr30-receptor-is-involved-in-il-6-induced-metastatic-properties-of-mcf-7-luminal-breast-cancer-cells/331227.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Asher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What roles do IL-6 and EMT play in luminal breast cancer metastasis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"IL-6 secreted in the tumor microenvironment stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), supporting metastatic development in luminal breast cancer cells.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is tamoxifen (TMX) resistance connected to IL-6 and ER-α?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"IL-6 is associated with TMX resistance through decreased ER-α levels, even though genes regulated by E2 can still be expressed.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the study conclude about GPR30 in IL-6-induced metastatic properties?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"GPR30 activity regulates EMT induced by IL-6 in breast cancer cells, contributing to proliferation, migration, invasion, and TMX resistance in MCF-7 models.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},331227,1790182173,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Article  \nThe GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells  \nAna Carolina Tirado-Garibay , Betzabe Ruiz-Barcenas, Julia Isabel Rescala-Ponce de León, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa  and Joel E. López-Meza *  \nCitation: Tirado-Garibay, A.C.; Ruiz-Barcenas, B.; Rescala-Ponce de León, J.I.; Ochoa-Zarzosa, A.; López-Meza, J.E. The GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8988. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms25168988  \nAcademic Editor: Laura Muñoz-Moreno  \nReceived: 23 July 2024  \nRevised: 12 August 2024  \nAccepted: 17 August 2024  \nPublished: 18 August 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nCentro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,  \nUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria,  \nMorelia 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; [1050629h@umich.mx](1050629h@umich.mx) (A.C.T.-G.); [l21121038@morelia.tecnm.mx](l21121038@morelia.tecnm.mx) (B.R.-B.); [l21121031@morelia.tecnm.mx](l21121031@morelia.tecnm.mx) (J.I.R.-P.d.L.); [alejandra.ochoa@umich.mx](alejandra.ochoa@umich.mx) (A.O.-Z.)  \n* Correspondence: [elmeza@umich.mx](elmeza@umich.mx)  \nAbstract: Luminal breast cancer has a high incidence worldwide and poses a severe health threat. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) is activated by 17β-estradiol (E2), and its overexpression promotes cancerous characteristics. Luminal breast cancer is an epithelial type; however, the cytokine IL-6, secreted by cells within the tumor microenvironment, stimulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes metastasis. Also, IL-6 decreases ER-α levels, favoring the tamoxifen (TMX) resistance development. However, genes under E2 regulation continue to be expressed eventhough this receptor is absent. GPR30 is an alternative E2 receptor present in both luminal and aggressive triple-negative breast cancer and is related to TMX resistance and cancer progression. The roles of GPR30 and IL-6 in metastasis have been individually established; however, their interplay remains unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the role of GPR30 in IL-6-induced metastatic properties of MCF-7 luminal breast cancer cells. Results showed that GPR30 contributes to the E2-induced MCF-7 proliferation because its inhibition with the antagonist G15 and the Pertussis toxin (PTX) reduced it. Besides, GPR30 upregulated vimentin and downregulated E-cadherin levels in MCF-7 and TMX-resistant (R-TMX) cells and is also involved in the IL-6-induced migration, invasion, and TMX resistance in MCF-7 cells. In addition, in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative cells, both basal and IL-6-induced metastatic properties were related to GPR30 activity. These results indicate that the GPR30 receptor regulates the EMT induced by IL-6 in breast cancer cells.  \nKeywords: GPR30; IL-6; epithelium-mesenchymal transition; luminal; metastasis  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer is a rising health problem worldwide; this neoplasia originates in the mammary gland and then develops metastasis. Breast cancer can be classified upon the over-expression of three receptors: the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) . The luminal A subtype is characterized by the over-expression of ER-α responding to 17β-estradiol (E2), promoting proliferation; it presents a high incidence worldwide and has reduced aggressiveness due to its epithelial phenotype [1,2] . On the contrary, ","cbCainJyaOwMD4T6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainJyaOwMD4T6","pdf",5445213,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What roles do IL-6 and EMT play in luminal breast cancer metastasis?\",\"answer\":\"IL-6 secreted in the tumor microenvironment stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), supporting metastatic development in luminal breast cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How is tamoxifen (TMX) resistance connected to IL-6 and ER-α?\",\"answer\":\"IL-6 is associated with TMX resistance through decreased ER-α levels, even though genes regulated by E2 can still be expressed.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study conclude about GPR30 in IL-6-induced metastatic properties?\",\"answer\":\"GPR30 activity regulates EMT induced by IL-6 in breast cancer cells, contributing to proliferation, migration, invasion, and TMX resistance in MCF-7 models.\"}]","The GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells | PDF",1789992323,33]