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This study identifies genetic determinants required for its growth in milk and adhesion to mammary epithelial cells. Transcriptome profiling in milk versus optimal medium detected 936 significantly differentially expressed genes, with dppA showing the strongest upregulation. dppA deletion impaired lactoferrin tolerance and cell adhesion without altering milk growth, whereas mtsA deletion reduced lactoferrin tolerance, adhesion, and inhibited growth via disturbed iron utilization.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-genetic-determinants-involved-in-metal-utilization-play-a-critical-role-in-the-growth-of-streptococcus-dysgalactiae-subsp-dysgalactiae-in-milk/457613/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-genetic-determinants-involved-in-metal-utilization-play-a-critical-role-in-the-growth-of-streptococcus-dysgalactiae-subsp-dysgalactiae-in-milk/457613.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Muffet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify genetic determinants of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae required for growth in milk and adhesion to mammary epithelial cells.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did transcriptome analysis contribute to the findings?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It revealed 936 genes significantly differentially expressed in milk compared with optimal medium, highlighting dppA as the most strongly upregulated gene.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What effects did deleting dppA and mtsA have?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Deleting dppA impaired lactoferrin tolerance and cell adhesion without affecting milk growth, while deleting mtsA disrupted lactoferrin tolerance and adhesion and caused growth inhibition in milk.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},457613,1790814133,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090768927,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Yang et al. BMC Microbiology (2026) 26:16 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04566-4](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04566-4)  \nBMC Microbiology  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nThe genetic determinants involved in metal utilization play a critical role in the growth of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae in milk  \nXiangpeng Yang 1†, Linan Xu 1†, Xingshuai Li 1, Chenyan Li 1, Jingran Yu 1, Quanjie Zhao 1, Junfei Ma 1, Bin Ye 1, Peikun Wang 1, Jianrui Niu 1* and Xinglin Zhang 1*  \nAbstract  \nStreptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae is a pathogen that causes mastitis in dairy cows, resulting insignificant economic losses in dairy production worldwide. This study aimed to identify the genetic determinants of S. dysgalactiae that are required for its growth in milk and adhesion to mammary epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed 936 genes that were significantly differential ly expressed in milk compared with optimal medium, among which the gene with the greatest upregulation was dppA, which putatively encodes a lipoprotein tethered to the membrane with a lipid anchor. The dppA gene deletion significantly impaired the tolerance of lactoferrin, an antimicrobial protein in cow milk, and the ability to adhere to mammary epithelial cells, but did not affect growth in milk. Moreover, another lipoprotein gene, mtsA, which is involved in metal transport, was identified in S. dysgalactiae. Unlike dppA, the deletion of mtsA not only impacts lactoferrin tolerance and cell adhesion but also results in growth inhibition in milk. Further studies suggested that this effect was caused by a disturbed iron utilization. This study identified critical genetic determinants required for growth in milk and cell adhesion, which might provide novel insights into the mechanisms of S. dysgalactiae pathogenesis.  \nKeywords Streptococcus Dysgalactiae subsp. Dysgalactiae, Lactoferrin, MtsA, Metal ion transport system  \n†Xiangpeng Yang and Linan Xu contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nJianrui Niu [niujianrui@lyu.edu.cn](niujianrui@lyu.edu.cn)[ ](niujianrui@lyu.edu.cn)Xinglin Zhang [zhangxinglin@lyu.edu.cn](zhangxinglin@lyu.edu.cn)  \n1College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China  \nIntroduction  \nIn dairy animals, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) is one of the most prevalent causative agents of mastitis, which is the most common and costly disease in dairy cows [1]. It affects cow welfare and causes economic losses through decreased milk production, reduced milk quality, premature culling, veterinary treatments, and milk discarded due to antibiotic treatments [2–4]. Milk is an energy-rich animal-derived food that is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and oligosaccharides [5]. Among these nutrients, lactose is the predominant sugar, which is  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/l](vecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nYang et al. BMC Microbiology","cbCaijvycOxZ2guX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijvycOxZ2guX","pdf",4553218,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To identify genetic determinants of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae required for growth in milk and adhesion to mammary epithelial cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How did transcriptome analysis contribute to the findings?\",\"answer\":\"It revealed 936 genes significantly differentially expressed in milk compared with optimal medium, highlighting dppA as the most strongly upregulated gene.\"},{\"question\":\"What effects did deleting dppA and mtsA have?\",\"answer\":\"Deleting dppA impaired lactoferrin tolerance and cell adhesion without affecting milk growth, while deleting mtsA disrupted lactoferrin tolerance and adhesion and caused growth inhibition in milk.\"}]","The genetic determinants involved in metal utilization play a critical role in the growth of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae in milk | PDF",1790749930,28]