[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108280-en":3,"doc-seo-108280-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108280,8796095360427,"Lucas Martin","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d",8,"Research & Report","The Gambia Human Capital Review - Executive Summary - Overview of human capital across the life cycle","The Gambia Human Capital Review analyzes the state of human capital across the life cycle, from before birth and early childhood to youth, working age, and old age. It reviews education, health, and social protection sector performance, then deep-dives into youth education, TVET, employment, and migration, identifying key constraints such as financing, coordination and administrative inefficiencies, accessibility, and quality. The review also proposes main actions to build, utilize, and protect human capital, supported by data, index work, and annexed legal and policy assessments.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nThe Gambia  \nHuman Capital Review  \nContents:  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi  \nACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vii  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1  \nA. The state of The Gambia’s human capital 10  \nThe Human Capital Index 10  \nHuman Capital over the life cycle in The Gambia 11  \nBefore birth 13  \nEarly childhood and childhood 13  \nYouth 18  \nWorking Age 21  \nOld age 23  \nB. Building human capital: overview of the education, health, and social protection sectors 25  \nOverview of the education sector 26  \nOverview of the health sector 26  \nOverview of the social protection sector 27  \nC. Deep dive: youth education, TVET, employment and migration 29  \nYouth value education, but are concerned about quality and accessibility 30  \nTechnical and vocational education are seen as useful, but often out of reach 32  \nFor lack of a thriving business environment, jobs tend to be in the informal sector 35  \nYoung Gambians are still keen to migrate 38  \nYouth want to be heard, and see few positive changes 40  \nD. Main constraints to human capital development 41  \nFinancing 41  \nCoordination and inefficiencies in administration 44  \nAccessibility 46  \nQuality 49  \nUsing data effectively to improve human capital outcomes 50  \nE. Main actions for human capital across the life cycle 53  \nBuild 55  \nUtilize 57  \nProtect 60  \niii  \niii  \nTHE GAMBIA Human Capital Review  \nReferences 64  \nAnnex 1: Description of surveys and additional tables and figures 68  \nAnnex 2: A Review of the Legal Barriers to the Empowerment of  \nWomen and Youth 75  \nAnnex 3: A Review of Policies and Programs Pertaining to Human Capital in The Gambia 78  \nAnnex 4: The Utilization-Adjusted Human Capital Index 83  \nAnnex 5: Locations of the youth surveyed in the qualitative assessment 84  \nList of Figures: Figure 1: Summary of the review’s approach 6  \nFigure 2: Human capital strongly correlates with GDP per capita 7  \nFigure 3: GDP per capita and poverty rates in The Gambia 8  \nFigure 4: Estimated absolute poverty rate and number of poor by district 8  \nFigure 5: The Human Capital Index 10  \nFigure 6: An illustration of the life-cycle approach to human capital 13  \nFigure 7: Childhood health outcomes in The Gambia and comparator countries 14  \nFigure 8: Change in child mortality by LGA 14  \nFigure 9: Percentage of children ages 12–23 months who received all basic vaccinations 16  \nFigure 10: Gross ECD enrollment rate 15  \nFigure 11: Share of public and private ECD centers 15  \nFigure 12: NAT Grade 8: Average score in English and Math (out of 100), public schools, 2021 16  \nFigure 13: Employment during COVID-19 17  \nFigure 14: Overweight and obesity rates among young women 18  \nFigure 15: Gender gap in school attendance: Share of individuals currently attending school by age cohort 19  \nFigure 16: Change in the main causes of death between 2009 and 2019 20  \nFigure 17: Labor market outcomes for males and females 22  \nFigure 18: Employment type by age and education. 23  \nFigure 19: Average earnings in US$ by education category and country 23  \nFigure 20: Population pyramid for 2022 24  \nFigure 21: Life expectancy at birth (both sexes) 24  \nFigure 22: Social Assistance Support implemented by the government and partners 28  \nFigure 23: Youth as a pivotal age for realizing human capital endowments 29  \nFigure 24: Share of age group that has ever attended TVET 32  \nFigure 25: Transition into employment 35  \niv  \nTHE GAMBIA Human Capital Review  \nFigure 26: Wages and job quality across major economic sectors (wage-employed, ages 15–35) 36  \nFigure 27: Unit cost of education, by education level, 2020, in GMD Dalasi 42  \nFigure 28: Household and government contribution to education unit cost, 2020 42  \nFigure 29: Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure) 42  \nFigure 30: Budget allocation by level of education 42  \nFigure 31: General government expenditures on hea","cbCaikELwUFievzL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikELwUFievzL","pdf",8037042,6,1,93,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## The state of The Gambia’s human capital\n## Building human capital: education, health, and social protection sectors\n## Deep dive: youth education, TVET, employment and migration\n## Main constraints to human capital development\n## Main actions for human capital across the life cycle\n## References\n## Annexes","[{\"question\":\"What stages of the life cycle does the review cover for The Gambia’s human capital?\",\"answer\":\"It covers before birth, early childhood and childhood, youth, working age, and old age.\"},{\"question\":\"Which sectors are reviewed to explain how human capital is built?\",\"answer\":\"The review provides an overview of the education sector, the health sector, and the social protection sector.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main constraints identified for human capital development?\",\"answer\":\"Key constraints include financing, coordination and inefficiencies in administration, accessibility, quality issues, and the need to use data effectively to improve outcomes.\"}]",1784470085,234,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"the-gambia-human-capital-review-executive-summary-overview-of-human-capital-across-the-life-cycle","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-gambia-human-capital-review-executive-summary-overview-of-human-capital-across-the-life-cycle/108280/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What stages of the life cycle does the review cover for The Gambia’s human capital?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It covers before birth, early childhood and childhood, youth, working age, and old age.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which sectors are reviewed to explain how human capital is built?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The review provides an overview of the education sector, the health sector, and the social protection sector.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What are the main constraints identified for human capital development?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Key constraints include financing, coordination and inefficiencies in administration, accessibility, quality issues, and the need to use data effectively to improve outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]