[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-618620-105":59,"doc-detail-618620-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","the-fuzzy-human-robot-collaboration-assembly-line-balancing-problem","The fuzzy human-robot collaboration assembly line balancing problem","","Consideration is given to the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) in production lines employing collaborative robots. Human–robot collaboration supports automation, productivity, accuracy, and flexibility, but it requires redesigning assembly lines to integrate available human and robot resources. Since processing times for manual work vary with the worker’s skills and abilities, uncertainty is modelled through fuzzy task times, and a problem-specific metaheuristic is developed to address the NP-hard setting. The approach targets production rate and workload smoothing under uncertainty via simulation on a real-life case study.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-fuzzy-human-robot-collaboration-assembly-line-balancing-problem/618620/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-fuzzy-human-robot-collaboration-assembly-line-balancing-problem/618620.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What problem does the paper address in collaborative-robot assembly lines?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It studies the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) for production lines that use collaborative robots, aiming to allocate tasks to stations while combining robot productivity with human flexibility.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Why is fuzziness considered in the model?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Processing times for human (manual) tasks vary depending on the nature and skills of the human worker, so task-time uncertainty is modelled using fuzzy times.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How is the NP-hard problem approached and evaluated?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"A problem-specific metaheuristic heuristic is developed to solve the NP-hard ALBP, and simulation experiments on a real-life case study test the effects on production rate and workload smoothing under uncertainty.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},618620,1792449547,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Computers & Industrial Engineering 187 (2024) 109774  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nComputers & Industrial Engineering  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/caie)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/caie](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/caie)  \n| The fuzzy human-robot collaboration assembly line balancing problem |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Paraskevi Th. Zacharia a, b, Elias K. Xidiasa, c, Andreas C. Nearchou a, *\u003Cbr>a Department of Business Administration, Management Information Systems & Business Intelligence Laboratory, University of Patras, Greece b Department of Industrial Design & Production Engineering, University of West Attica, Greece\u003Cbr>c Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece |  |  |  |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Assembly line balancing Human-robot collaboration Fuzzy times\u003Cbr>Bi-objective optimization |  | Consideration is given to the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) in production lines employed collaborative robots. Human–robot collaboration promises high advantages in manufacturing regarding automation, productivity, accuracy as well as flexibility in production. This technology is really challenging but requires redesigning of assembly lines to effectively involve the available human- and robot-resources. As robots can collaborate with humans sharing the assembly tasks in the same workstation, production managers experience an increasingly complex ALBP setting. Moreover, a crucial issue raised within this context is the variance and uncertainty in processing times for manual (human) work. Processing times for human work are subject to the nature and skills of the human worker. We explore the heuristic solution of this NP-hard problem using a problem-specific metaheuristic. Our aim is to investigate the effects of utilizing collaborate robots in manual assembly lines with respect to both production rate and workload smoothing. Simulation experiments on a reallife case study borrowed from the literature show how to tackle the problem under uncertainty (fuzziness) in task processing times. |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nWith the rapid development of Industry 4.0 technology, manufacturing has the advantage to respond effectively to the increased market needs for, larger production volumes, higher quality, flexibility for customization and shorter delivery times. Collaborative robots (also called cobots) constitute an emerging technology paradigm adopted in modern production systems to achieve these challenges. This type of robots can effectively work in cooperation with human workers in the shop floor sharing a common workstation, the same production-cell or other workspace. Due to their design that limits speed and forces, cobots are characterized by safety and convenience; being able to execute difficult and dangerous tasks that humans as well as traditional robots cannot (see e.g., Franklin, Dominguez, Fryman, & Lewandowski, 2020; Coronado et al., 2022 for recent surveys on this topic). Obviously, combining the advantages of humans’ skills and flexibility with robots’capabilities (repetition, mechanical strength, accuracy) and potentialities (automation, productivity) is a fundamental strategic direction for the future of manufacturing industry. To this end, scientific research has recently been devoted to the study of cobots-humans manufacturing applications from several points of views (see e.g., the works of Teiwes,  \nB¨anziger, Kunzy, & Wegener, 2016; Pearce, Mutlu, Shah, & Radwin, 2018; Zhang, Liu, Huang, Radwin, & Li, 2021; Almasarwah, Abdelall, Suer, Pagan, & You, 2022; Li, Guo, Zou, & Duffy, 2022).  \nConsidering the use of cobots in assembly lines and the balancing problems raised within this context is what this work aims to study. The key issue is to determine a feasible assignment of the assembly work to stations while integrating robots’ productivity with humans’ flexibility. ","cbCaipGlfPQYiJGw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipGlfPQYiJGw","pdf",2491472,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Collaborative robots in Industry 4.0\n## Assembly line balancing with human and robot resources\n## Uncertainty in manual processing times\n# Summary of previous studies on the HCALBP","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address in collaborative-robot assembly lines?\",\"answer\":\"It studies the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) for production lines that use collaborative robots, aiming to allocate tasks to stations while combining robot productivity with human flexibility.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is fuzziness considered in the model?\",\"answer\":\"Processing times for human (manual) tasks vary depending on the nature and skills of the human worker, so task-time uncertainty is modelled using fuzzy times.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the NP-hard problem approached and evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"A problem-specific metaheuristic heuristic is developed to solve the NP-hard ALBP, and simulation experiments on a real-life case study test the effects on production rate and workload smoothing under uncertainty.\"}]","The fuzzy human-robot collaboration assembly line balancing problem | PDF",35]