[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-437643-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-437643-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","the-future-of-udder-health-antimicrobial-stewardship-and-alternative-therapy-of-bovine-mastitis","The future of udder health - Antimicrobial stewardship and alternative therapy of bovine mastitis","","Mastitis management is reexamined in dairy cows as antimicrobial use is increasingly restricted while resistance concerns persist. Clinical mastitis historically relied on intramammary antibiotics and many treatments occurred at dry-off, but modern farms face shifting etiologic agents and improved selective, culture-guided protocols for nonsevere cases. Some antimicrobial therapy remains necessary, yet many mastitis outcomes do not require or benefit from it. Alternative approaches are explored, but most lack documented efficacy, requiring well-designed cow-based clinical trials.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-future-of-udder-health-antimicrobial-stewardship-and-alternative-therapy-of-bovine-mastitis/437643/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-future-of-udder-health-antimicrobial-stewardship-and-alternative-therapy-of-bovine-mastitis/437643.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Kurz","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are dairy farms reconsidering mastitis therapies now?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Antimicrobial use is highly restricted in dairy cows, and concerns about resistant bacteria have driven reassessment of mastitis treatment approaches.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What is antimicrobial stewardship in the dairy mastitis context?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Antimicrobial stewardship refers to systematic, proactive veterinary actions to preserve the effectiveness and availability of antimicrobials, emphasizing evidence-based mastitis treatment protocols.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why might antibiotic therapy be unnecessary for some mastitis cases?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Many mastitis outcomes are resolved without effective or needed antimicrobial therapy, especially as selective treatment and better targeting reduce antimicrobial use across farms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},437643,1790794474,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":106,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","JDS Communications® 2025; 6:S31–S36  \n[https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839](https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839)Invited Review  \nHealth, Welfare, and Behavior  \nThe future of udder health: Antimicrobial stewardship and alternative therapy of bovine mastitis  \nPamela L. Ruegg*   \nGraphical Abstract  \nSummary  \nMastitis is usually caused by bacterial infections of the udder, and most cases are currently treated using intramammary antimicrobials. Producers can reduce antimicrobial usage by adopting pathogen- and cowspecific selective treatment protocols. Several non-antimicrobial treatments are available, and researchers have described additional treatment options. Most alternative treatments lack efficacy data. Well-designed clinical trials performed in cows with naturally occurring mastitis are needed to determine the efficacy of alternative products. Graphical abstract created in BioRender ([https://BioRender.com/t1](https://BioRender.com/t1) 1r742).  \nHighlights  \n• Many farms can reduce dependence on the use of antimicrobials for mastitis treatment.  \n• Improved stewardship includes the use of culture-guided selective treatment protocols and reduced duration of antimicrobial treatments.  \n• Improved stewardship includes the use of selective dry cow therapy when possible.  \n• There is little evidence to support the efficacy of most non-antimicrobial treatments.  \n• Research to define in vivo efficacy of alternative therapies for mastitis is needed.  \nDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. *Corresponding author: [plruegg@msu.edu](plruegg@msu.edu). © 2025, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). Received July 16, 2025. Accepted September 16, 2025.  \nThe list of standard abbreviations [for JDSC is available at](for JDSC is available at adsa.org/jdsc-abbreviations-25. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes)[ adsa.org/jdsc-abbreviations-25](for JDSC is available at adsa.org/jdsc-abbreviations-25. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes)[. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes](for JDSC is available at adsa.org/jdsc-abbreviations-25. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes).  \nJDS Communications® 2025; 6:S31–S36  \n[https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839](https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3168/jdsc.2025-0839)Invited Review  \nHealth, Welfare, and Behavior  \nThe future of udder health: Antimicrobial stewardship and alternative therapy of bovine mastitis  \nPamela L. Ruegg*   \nAbstract: Although antimicrobial usage is highly restricted in dairy cows, concerns about development and dissemination of resistant bacteria have led to a reexamination of mastitis therapies. In the past, almost all cases of clinical mastitis were treated symptomatically using intramammary antibiotics, and in many regions, most cows received intramammary antibiotic treatments at dry-off. On modern dairy farms, changes in the distribution of etiological agents have reduced the need to give antimicrobials for all mastitis cases. Cultureguided selective treatment protocols for nonsevere clinical mastitis have been adopted on many farms and align with principles of antimicrobial stewardship. Although some antimicrobial therapy is needed to maintain udder health, antimicrobial therapy is not effective or not necessary for resolution of many cases of mastitis. As the use of antimicrobials has declined, many alternative treatments have been explored, but few non-antimicrobial treatments have documented efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to review the concepts of antimicrobial stewardship on dairy farms from the US perspective, with an emphasis on ","cbCaid2sJvZLI3De","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid2sJvZLI3De","pdf",842312,"English","# Summary\n# Highlights\n# Abstract\n## Antimicrobial stewardship principles\n## Definitions and disease progression\n## Detecting subclinical mastitis and herd indicators","[{\"question\":\"Why are dairy farms reconsidering mastitis therapies now?\",\"answer\":\"Antimicrobial use is highly restricted in dairy cows, and concerns about resistant bacteria have driven reassessment of mastitis treatment approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What is antimicrobial stewardship in the dairy mastitis context?\",\"answer\":\"Antimicrobial stewardship refers to systematic, proactive veterinary actions to preserve the effectiveness and availability of antimicrobials, emphasizing evidence-based mastitis treatment protocols.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might antibiotic therapy be unnecessary for some mastitis cases?\",\"answer\":\"Many mastitis outcomes are resolved without effective or needed antimicrobial therapy, especially as selective treatment and better targeting reduce antimicrobial use across farms.\"}]","The future of udder health - Antimicrobial stewardship and alternative therapy of bovine mastitis | PDF",1790682604,18]