[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-597299-105":59,"doc-detail-597299-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-future-of-merger-efficiency-or-diversity-abstract","The Future of Merger - Efficiency or Diversity? - Abstract","","The Future of Merger argues that higher-education mergers have often been driven by economic motives—expanding markets or reducing costs—but that efficiency-based expectations have a natural limit. It contrasts efficiency with an alternative rationale: mergers can increase diversity of programs and services across institutions and within postsecondary systems. The essay evaluates the realism of merger expectations and examines how partners are identified and selected.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-future-of-merger-efficiency-or-diversity-abstract/597299/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-future-of-merger-efficiency-or-diversity-abstract/597299.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blue Pony","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the two main motivations for higher-education mergers discussed in the text?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text contrasts economic efficiency motives with diversity-oriented motives. It argues that diversity can broaden programs and services beyond what cost reduction alone can deliver.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why might mergers fail even if efficiency is the stated goal?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Some failures stem from misunderstandings of efficiency through economies of scale. Others resemble failed partnerships because the merging parties were incompatible or the takeovers were not intended to succeed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the essay suggest institutions should approach the decision to merge?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It concludes that diversification may replace efficiency as the main stimulus for merger. Before committing, institutions and systems may try less permanent forms of inter-institutional cooperation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},597299,1792441100,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760266,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","# The Future of Merger\n\nWhat Do We Want Mergers To Do:Efficiency or Diversity?  \nDANIEL W.LANG  \nUniversity of Toronto  \n## ABSTRACT\n\nMergers have been a frequent phenomenon in higher education inthe last quarter century.The conventional wisdom is that mergers areundertaken mainly for economic reasons,either to expand markets or toreduce costs.About four out of five college or university mergers sur-vive.In the for-profit sector the comparable rate is closer to two out offive.From this one might conclude that the future for mergers amongcolleges and universities is robust.If,however,the principal purpose ofmergers is economic efficiency,there logically ought to be a pointbeyond which the efficacy of merger will begin to decline.There is,however,another motive for merger,which is unrelated to economicefficiency.Mergers can produce greater diversity of programs and ser-vices,both among individual colleges and universities and within sys-tems of postsecondary education.If diversification is the primarypurpose of merger,the future might look different and might depend onnew ways of identifying peers and partners for merger.This essay exam-ines the expectations that are held for mergers,the realism of thoseexpectations,and the means by which partners in mergers are identifiedand selected.It concludes with the suggestions that diversification mayreplace efficiency as the main stimulus of merger,and that,as the choice  \nis made between efficiency and merger,institutions and systems of post-secondary education may try other,less permanent,forms of inter-insti-tutional cooperation before committing to merge.  \n## RÉSUMÉ\n\nDepuis 25 ans,les fusions sont un phénomène fréquent dansI'enseignement supérieur.Selon les idées recues,elles surviennentprincipalement pour des raisons économiques,soit pour développer lemarché ou soit pour réduire les dépenses.Environ quatre fusions decollèges ou d'universités sur cinq survivent,alors que dans le secteur àbut lucratif,le taux se rapproche de deux sur cinq.Ces chiffres pourraientamener à conclure que I'avenir des fusions parmi les colleges etuniversités est solide.Toutefois,si I'efficacité économique est le principalobjectif des fusions,il devrait logiquement y avoir un point au-delàduquel I'efficacité d'une fusion commence à faiblir.Or,les fusionsreposent sur un autre motif,sans lien avec I'efficacité économique.Ellespeuvent en effet engendrer une diversité plus grande des programmes etservices,aussi bien parmi chaque établissement collégial et universitaireque dans les systèmes d'enseignement postsecondaires.Si ladiversification est le principal but d'une fusion,I'avenir peut se présenterdifféremment et dépendre de nouvelles méthodes pour trouver des pairset des partenaires.Cet article analyse les attentes que provoquent lesfusions,la mesure dans laquelle ces attentes sont réalistes et les moyensutilisés pour trouver et choisir des partenaires à une fusion.Enconclusion,I'auteur suggère que I'efficacité peut faire place à ladiversification en tant que principal incitatif de fusionnement,et qu'avantde choisir entre efficacité et fusion et de s'engager à s'amalgamer,lesétablissements et les systèmes d'enseignement postsecondaires pourraientmettre à l'essai d'autres possibilités de coopération.  \n## WHAT DO WE WANT MERGERS TO DO?\n\nSince the mid-1980s the principal interest in merger in higher educa-tion has been financial.In this respect,the differences between the cor-porate sector and the educational sector,and between the public  \nThe Canadian Journal ofHigher EducationVolume XXXIII,No.3,2003  \nnon-profit sector and the private for-profit sector have not been fundamen-tally different.Merger is seen as a means of promoting efficiency in pro-duction and ensuring an optimal allocation of scarce resources.In otherwords,mergers allow the reduction of inputs without reducing the level ofoutput.Many mergers have met those expectations.Others have not.  \nSome mergers fail because the concept of efficiency t","cbCaiiPgk6KGxOYF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiPgk6KGxOYF","pdf",966257,28,"English","# ABSTRACT\n## WHAT DO WE WANT MERGERS TO DO?","[{\"question\":\"What are the two main motivations for higher-education mergers discussed in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text contrasts economic efficiency motives with diversity-oriented motives. It argues that diversity can broaden programs and services beyond what cost reduction alone can deliver.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might mergers fail even if efficiency is the stated goal?\",\"answer\":\"Some failures stem from misunderstandings of efficiency through economies of scale. Others resemble failed partnerships because the merging parties were incompatible or the takeovers were not intended to succeed.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the essay suggest institutions should approach the decision to merge?\",\"answer\":\"It concludes that diversification may replace efficiency as the main stimulus for merger. Before committing, institutions and systems may try less permanent forms of inter-institutional cooperation.\"}]","The Future of Merger - Efficiency or Diversity? - Abstract | PDF",1792084769,71]